0/ 6dU>oru A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION PART IV (1899-1910) Thomas E. Jeffrey Lisa Gitelman Gregory Jankunis David W. Hutchings Leslie Fields Editors Theresa M. Collins Gregory Field Aldo E. Salerno Karen A. Detig Lorie Stock Robert Rosenberg Director and Editor Sponsors Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site New Jersey Historical Commission Smithsonian Institution University Publications of America Bethesda, MD 1999 Edison signature used with permission of McGraw-Edlson Company Thomas A. Edison Papers at Rutgers, The State University endorsed by National Historical Publications and Records Commission 18 June 1981 Copyright © 1999 by Rutgers, The State University ■ • All rights reserved. No part of this publication including any portion of the guide and index or of the microfilm nmy be reproduced, stored hi a retrieval system, or transmitted hi any form by any means — graphic, electronic, mechanical, or chemical, hicludhigphotocopyhig, recordingor taping, or information storage and retrieval systems— without written permission of Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The original documents hi this edition are from the archives at the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange, New Jersey. ISBN 0-89093-703-6 THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS Robert A. Rosenberg Director and Editor Thomas E. Jeffrey Associate Director and Coeditor Paul B. Israel Managing Editor, Book Edition Helen Endick Assistant Director for Administration Associate Editors Theresa M. Collins Lisa Gitelman Keith A. Nler Research Associates Gregory Jankunis Lorie Stock Assistant Editors Louis Carlat Aldo E. Salerno Secretary Grace Kurkowski Student Assistants Amy Cohen Bethany Jankunis Laura Konrad Vishal Nayak Jessica Rosenberg Stacey Saelg Wojtek Szymkowiak Matthew Wosniak BOARD OF SPONSORS Rutgers, The State University of New National Park Service Jersey John Maounis Francis L. Lawrence Maryanne Gerbauckos Joseph J. Seneca Roger Durham Richard F. Foley George Tselos David M. Oshinsky Smithsonian Institution New Jersey Historical Commission Bernard Finn Howard L. Green Arthur P. Molella EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology R. Frank Colson, University of Southampton Louis Galambos, Johns Hopkins University Susan Hockey, University of Alberta Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania Peter Robinson, Oxford University Philip Scranton, Georgia Institute of Technology/Hagley Museum and Library Merritt Roe Smith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Charles Edison Fund The Hyde and Watson Foundation National Trust for the Humanities Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS National Science Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities National Historical Publications and Records Commission PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS Alabama Power Company Anonymous AT&T Atlantic Electric Association of Edison illuminating Companies Battelie Memorial Institute The Boston Edison Foundation Cabot Corporation Foundation, Inc. Carolina Power & Light Company Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. Consumers Power Company Cooper Industries Corning Incorporated Duke Power Company Entergy Corporation (Middle South Electric System) Exxon Corporation Florida Power & Light Company General Electric Foundation Gould Inc. Foundation Gulf States Utilities Company David and Nina Heitz Hess Foundation, Inc. Idaho Power Company IMO Industries International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Katz Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Midwest Resources, Inc. Minnesota Power New Jersey Bell New York State Electric & Gas Corporation North American Philips Corporation Philadelphia Electric Company Philips Lighting B.V. Public Service Electric and Gas Company RCA Corporation Robert Bosch GmbH Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation Son Diego Gas and Electric Savannah Electric and Power Company Schering-Plough Foundation Texas Utilities Company Thomas & Betts Corporation Thomson Grand Public Transamerica Deiaval Inc. Westinghouse Foundation Wisconsin Public Service Corporation A Note on the Sources The pages which have been filmed are the best copies available. Every technical effort possible has been made to ensure legibility. PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM COPYING RESTRICTIONS Reel duplication of the whole or of any part of this film is prohibited In lieu of transcripts, however, enlarged photocopies of selected items contained on these reels may be made in order to facilitate ' research. William H. Meadowcroft Papers Reminiscences by Edison G. Mr. Edison's Notes This document is a photocopy of an Edison notebook from October 1 908. It contains a narrative of incidents from his boyhood, young adulthood, and years in Menlo Park. The notes are all in Edison's hand. A label on the front cover bears the following typewritten notation: "Book No. 2, Mr. Edison’s notes re. Biography. October, 1 908." The pages are unnumbered. Approximately 60 pages have been used. The original manuscript is at the Edison Winter Home in Fort Myers, Florida. 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Mr. Edison's Impressions of Europe This document is a combination of original typescript pages and carbon copies. At the top of the first page is an inscription in William H. Meadowcroft's hand: "Mr. Edison's Impressions of Europe." The document consists of fifteen pages of observations about Europe and Europeans, which were made by Edison after his return to the United States in October 1911. Meadowcroft gathered these impressions for publication, and the scattered corrections and additions to the text are in his hand. Neither a complete original typescript nor an original Edison manuscript has been located. For the first time in twenty-two years Thomas A. Edison has taken a real vacation. Starting on August 2nd by the Mauretania with his son Charles, he went to England to join Mrs. Edison and their daughter Madeline and son Theodore for an automobile trip in Europe, returning to Mew York on October 7th. Believing that the readers of Popular Electricity Magazine would be interested in Mr. Edison's impressions of his foreign trip, a correspondent called upon him at his laboratory in Orange;, Hew Jersey, and found the great inventor looking rugged and well, and although extremely busy, willing to grant an interview. V/hen asked to mention the most interesting experiences of his European trip, Mr. Edison smiled and said, "That's a large order, and I don't know that X oan fill it, but let us begin at the beginning. "One of the first things I did on arriving in England was to visit the House of Commons where they were holding an all night session and where I Baw two votes taken on the Bill relating to the House of Lords. A seat was given me in the Strangers' gallery. I oould see, but, of course, oould not hear the speeches* X* was all very interest¬ ing but there was no excitement. After the House adjourned everyone went out on the Terrace, were I was introduced to a great number of the statesmen. They presented me with a copy of the Lords' Veto Bill signed by Prime Minister Asquith, Lloyd George, John Redmond, John Burns, T. P. O'Connor and others. I was invited to visit the House of Lords the next day but oould not spare the time as I had arranged to meet my wife in Franco. "Hext to Amerioans the English have the best practical brains. I like the English and admire their institutions and statesmen, and the way the country is run. They are Btrong on ancient traditions, but they are fast realizing that mere hereditary, institutions must go. -2- V/hen I was in England a great railroad strike began, but the Government realized that it had a duty to perform to 8top disorder, and it aoted firmly. Governments are merely huge business concerns, and no allowance for sentiment should be made in their practical dealings with the affairs of the world. In this case England took energetic measures to unsure the right of the individual to work for whatever wageB he pleased, despite the tyranny of labor societies, and I think it is a healthy sign of her basic common sense. 3 "Motoring through Pranoe is a souroo of unbounded pleasure. I have seen no superior roads anywhere. I travel¬ led over more than 2000 miles of roddB there and less than three miles were had. There was not a rut more than two inches deep. We are far behind the Prenoh in this respeot, and our Amerioan road engineers oan get some valuable pointers from Eranoe. "I was disappointed, however, in Paris as the so- oalled'City of bight.' It bears no oomparison to Hew yorfc in that respeot. The Champs Elysees, whioh is the most brilliantly illuminated street in the oity, looks like twilight oompared with Manhattan's 'Great White Way.' Paris is ever a wonderful oity. There is muoh to interest the visitor, and I took no small pleasure in revisting the familiar sopnes of years ago, but my stay in the oity of magnificent prospeots was very short. I did not visit any of the great soientifio Institution^, the purpose of my trip being to see the .country. The historical momimentB of Paris do not impress me. I see them resting on the bones of oountless Viotims of Hapoleonjs personal glory. Conquest costs; it never pays. The Germans have paid more than a thousand dollars an acre for Alsace and Lorraine^ and they thought they had gained it free. Their little march around the Arch of Triumph was in the end the oostliest promenade ever made. The glory of the war lord, wherever he may be, is fading away. There is too muoh independent thought, too many. newspapers and sohools In our present day of civilisation to permit of the antiquated methods of these overambitious men who, hiding behind their selfish arms, cry loudly for the glory of their, oountry and force ruin on their people . The terrible prioe of . war would be clear to coming.. generations if, every monument haa inscribed upon it the details of its cost to the people. The war game has received a solar plexus blow, anyhow, in the coming of the areoplane. A thousand aeroplanes would oost less than one Dreadnought, but think of the. frightful elfeoft of a fleet of a thousand airmen dropping nitro-g^yoorin bombs. Another great international war in Eurppe seems impossible now so far as I can see. In other words invention has got beyond the thirst of blood; the power of soienoe, that has been let looee must overwhelm aggressive diplomacy. Although Europe has learned her eoonomio lesson, the sxibjeot of war seems to be ever in our mindi <yj "But returning to more pleasing subjeota than war, let me say that I enjoyed my tour through Prance . itB beautiful soenery is restful, and its agricultural riohness is very im¬ pressive. I was amaaed at the beautiful oropB ..of wheat , barley and other small grain. There were no suoh extensive fields of one kind of grain as we see in our western states, but cultiva¬ tion is done in' small aoreages. A few aores of wheat, with a similar patoh of oats adjoining it, and so on, .but all in the' highest state of perfection. The farmers are suaoessful and' well to do, and„it was not diffioult to disoem one reason?,* of. the; wealth of Pranoe. The vast vineyards ware particularly ^Interest¬ ing. Unfortunately it did not happen to be the time . foregather- ing t stand high-. where he grape orop. I would like to have seen it, for I under- they make a great holiday of the occasion. 'Jffrtmoo iu a- mil 10h-Tfir?TropiTr^^ flXdflr....n.t^-nirel-l-i-eeiw»r-h^t-Vhgy--ftre~4ahrawd^and^hri--i-tj rarrjfe by. Kvetry- we went on our motor tour we found the people apparently happy and ^contented.- They have savings in plenty, hut they put the money out »\\ ffOVSvv* t'V'ivb'i . ^aifc-^ewfcgn^wterrwst. Land investments with them are practically nil. I was struok with the lack of new buildings going up. The peasants are oertainly geniuses in making the raoBt of a tiny strip of land. In one small farm I counted no less than Beven different kind of crops. The apple orchards of Uorraandy astonished me by their wonderful orops - of ruddy apples ae^4«e^as™the»»he»t»we»-have. "The French bread struok me as particularly good. It was palatable and nutritious and I ate a great deal of it while in the country. The French are wiser than we in not seeking to make their bread dazzlingly white by sacrificing the nutritive parts of the wheat. Their skill in cooking is apparent everywhere, for even in the smallest villages everything that was served had the magic of their art. "Switzerland is a oountry of magnificent scenery and praotioally unlimited power going to waste. In motoring it is quite a change to leave the beautiful Frenoh roadB where one oan speed and get into Switz¬ erland where sixteen miles an hour is the limit. The people are pro¬ gressive but lack the daring in business that is characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon. They are hampered by over-prudence. In some respootB they remind me of the Japanese, for their genius shows itself In minute sortB of labor. They are a little people in a little land. Ab far as I oan Judge, they are more intricate in invention than in mind. Their watches, clocks, music boxes, wooden toys, and what not, — everything 1b little. We showed them how to make Geneva watohes by machinery, and now they are imitating us in their own oountry. But occasionally a groat engineer will arise among them. One is my friend Turitini, who constructed the great power works on the Rhone. -7- "Cheap electricity 1b waking up Switzerland, and there are some signs of growth. You will find new buildings going up, which oannot he aaid of all the countries in Europe. It iB to he hoped that the Swiss will soon he so thoroughly awakened that the dread¬ ful spootaole of women harnessed to the plows, yoke-mates with cattle will he a thing of the past. "Bohemia was a surprise to me. X had not expected to find much progress there hut was agreeably disappointed. New construction was -in evidence not only in the larger towns, hut even the smaller towns are extending somewhat. Most of the old houses are built up to the sidewalks and there are no gardens or lawnB in front, hut the modern liouseB are different, and one sees flowers in the front yards. Perhaps this may he due to the influence of Bohemians who have returned to their country with a competence made in America, and have taken American ideas with them. There is a general tendency in Bohemia toward commercial and manufactur¬ ing developement on a larger Beale than ever before. Many factories are in course of construction. But the country is at present handicapped by ill-feeling between thelaity and the Church, whioh must work itself out before any great progress can he made. . I was struck with the faot, here, as elsewhere, that the European farmer makes more out of lesB promising land than ours by intensive farming. Over there they Bpend their time and energy in oarefully cultivating small areas instead of crudely cultivating large areas as many of our formers do. nothing in the way of land goes to waste in Europe. Even the roadside is lined with fruit trees, principally apples, then come pars, thon cherries, llinety-nine per oent of such land goes to waste with us. The Bohemians grow great A r*p crops of apples. S-eB3re«late*HflTSt there muBt he at least 250 square miles of the country devoted to apple growing. Their fruit is not aB good as our b, however, being smaller and mostly used for the manufact¬ ure of champagne, vinegar, eto. "In travelling through France I found myself looking always for the nation's factories but generally in vain. Of course, she has 'her factories and plenty of them, but her manufactures, generally speaking, are artistic in nature, high in value and small in bulk. Hence, they do not require large machinery to produce them. On coming into Germany one immediately sees evidence of its being a great inr dustrial nation. I saw more faotory chimneys in the town of Chemnitz alone than in the whole of Franoo. "It seems like a humiliating thing to Bay, but it is the fact that Germany’s manufacturing industries are pushing ahead much faster than outb are. The growth of her manufactures is constant and tremendous. ? . ''Thousands of factories are in course of construction. I saw many factories in Worth Germany, and whether they were 'built or in building, the oonstruotion generally speaking was better than thev'donstruotion of the beBt of ours. Their building methods are extremely sensible, economical and effeotive. They use oement more freely and more wisely than we do. One sees everywhere build¬ ings of loose stones faced with oement whioh fills in the inter¬ stices. "Every detail of faotory construction over there is hedged about by oarefully restrictive laws whioh are rigidly enforced. The consequence is well built buildings, safe, sanitary admirable. There is very little danger of fire in suoh build¬ ings. I was told in Prague that the oity's fire loss in one year was only 926.000. The fire horrors which are continually occurring in America are impossible. The oonstruotion of the buildings is such, that the workmen's health is carefully protected; they have fine light and air, and. in the. arrangement and management of the machinery they are carefully proteoted against aooident. We have many things to learn from Germany in these details of faotory equipment, oonstruotion and manage¬ ment. "When our American people realise that the average depreciation on an average building (10) 1b 3 per oent aB against one-half of one per cent In Germany, they will wake up ana throw aside tradition ana take a lesson from our German friends who make liberal use of cement as a building material. We are apt to think of them, an being slow and conservative. They are oertainly conservative, but in that respect they have forged ahead and made haste economically. "Germany is up to date in all branches of mechan¬ ical and scientific advance. She is not behind us in these lines, generally speaking, although her shops are full of American ma¬ chinery or imitations of it. I went through two great electri¬ cal ehopB in which 86 per oent of their machinery was Ainerioan. This illustrates the good sense of the Germans. While Germany is the most scientific of all the nations, she does not approaoh us in applied science. She is pre-eminent, however , in some lines. In mhemioal industries she stands alone. Byfeyftggei cgs4»r^3i-ujhemio«*l‘~laborwbo»ie8^an(U£ao4oB-ieawa®e»-f»?»3?“of Asw^iam., machinery, in automatic labor-Baving devices of all kinds and in their application we excel her. "The Germans are the world's most persistent people. They usually get what they are after, and they have started now to capture our meohanioal prestige. If the United States is to prevent them from outstripping us in the race, we Bhallhave to get down to hard, intelligent work. "The German domestic trade is enormous, but from indications in the packing rooms of several large German factor¬ ies which I visited, I should say their foreign trade is still larger. They are organizers of great ability and extraordinary ( 10-1/2 ) patience and are wonderfully energetic and Intelligent. Not only are they fighting ue for the world's trade, but they are also fighting ISngiand wherever she has business that they want, and they have engoged in a persistent campaign for the world's business. This campaign is not sensational, but there is no slackening up of it. If we are going to hold our own or win out, we Bhould watch them closely, for there is much in their methods that we (11) could learn with profit. "They have gone so far as to establish hanks with German capital in all parts of the world for the purpose of assisting resident German merchants, thus Germany, not only ex¬ ports goods and makes the profit from their sale abroad, but . furnishes the necessary banking facilities, also highly profit¬ able, through which the business :i's' oondfloteap/^»>;'*-'^«,>t^,,*J "Another thing in Germany impressed me greatly, and that is one great advantage which their manufacturers have over us and every other country. I refer to her great promot¬ ing banks, in our country a man desiring to put something new on the market must have a promoter of his enterprise, and our promoters are notoriously irresponsible. In Germany inventions are brought out by the promoting banks. "For instance. The Deutsche Bank, which is one of the largest banks in the world, has a corps of engineers and auditors ready to investigate any proposition^-Aii1 InveriTTffiS. i^s taken to them. If after mbst careful\lnvestigation lt prov|s (llikely to Ipe useful and profitable, the money to push it is • ' : forthcoming. The financial and. technical investigation is ■■ • rigid, -..but-if -'the " iked- B^Snia that-testy. -the- capital- -is -r«ady;'' \ ^ y >/. A manufacturer wi shfejg ^o ■ ext end., his.„-bue-ineae can .. get money tasthe-^ame^waSuPr ompt ly at a reasonable interest ■ if he can prove that^his-; pr-^posad^ex-tension will be profitable! It Baves time and keeps him out of the clutches of sharks. ; "A good part of this plan is .that • the bank will carefully watch the progress of the invention S&T^fthe manul ''\- factur errand will place, .instock on the Exchange,' and when fit '- f, (12) «utt has arrived at a oertain point of prosperity, will take its money hack, <d»agg£ag..-e«fty 'a fair profit for its use. This leaves the inventor or the manufacturer with his invention oiu) factory in his own hands to proceed alone without encumbrance. This shows the wisdom that the Germans exercise in providing the utmost encouragement to their inventors and manufacturers^ and I predict that it will soon put the German Nation in ad¬ vance of us in the origination and development of new meohani- oal ideas. "I believe I see the true inwardness of the Em¬ peror's unwavering naval polioy. He does not want war; no one wants it less. But he apparently considers a large navy a good business investment. It insures protection to German capital invested in the remote parts of the world, as well as to German merchants whever they may be. Hence their navy may be looked upon as a commercial proposition, and its cost as insurance premium. ^ <Wr<v "I found my trip through Europe most interesting and instructive. It was made mostly by motor car, so we really saw the countries we went through, and really came in closer contact with the people who live in them than if we had travelled from place to place by train. I am well satisfied, however, to get back to my own country, for I did not see any country on the other side of the ocean that can compare with the United States, if considered as a whole. X. "My visit to Berlin was exceedingly interesting. I had not Been there for twnnty-three years, and the city had grown almost Beyond my recognition. It has Been called the Chioago of Europe and it is certainly growing with Chicago speed. I have good reason to Be interested in Berlin, for it is the center of electrical industry in Europe. The greatest of the electrical works, the Allgemeine Elecktricitfits Gesell- sohaft, is there, and is operated under the direction of my old friend Emil Rathenau, employing about 60,000 workmen. I feel a sort of paternal interest in this works as it was practically started By me, and once Bore my name. "Another of the great electrical works in Berlin is owned By another of my old friends, Sigmund Bergmann. He started his electrical life with me By working at the Bench in my Newark shop about forty years ago, and later on made carbon transmitter telephones and phonographs, and afterwards Became my partner in manufacturing the detail apparatus for the electric light system. His shrewdness and ability kept him ahead of the procession in this country, and he has kept up his reputation By organizing and operating his great establish¬ ment in Berlin, where he employs about 12,000 workmen and makes everything electrical. "Still another of the great electrical shops is the one established By Sohuokert, who also worked at the Bench 'in my Newark shop with Bergmann, leaving my employ to go to Germany to settle up his father's estate. He stayed there and took up the manufacture of electrical apparatus and established the great works that Bear his name, and in which many thousands of workmen are employed. He died immensely wealthy. But the works still go on. _ _ _ ——h i - j •! -j "I was much impressed with the great progress Germany 3? h j 4 is making in electrical manufactures and in the use of electricity. The people use electric ligftt'wi'&ti great liberality, for they can *,6> Buy current very "h"ir1 31^-iCrI fr'~ light,, in piinnii aw }hat~4diey-5ti^^^Q|^;staBTeS''ant,pig. styeB with it, <3 ^urrent^ls\/^^^d^o^6Va^t^n^Bd'^ojf>jiurp^g,3Bf''''ei’v^^ <§ j i ;t< Ts. O tl-if ■rfal fs int jJ1! \t*$ ! ^ Wf tix-Cu, €ety^f _ I'l-J - v. \ f 13 1 The people use electric light and power with great liberality, for they oan buy current very cheaply. While there are many important manufacturing plants throughout the country, Berlin is distinctly the electrical oenter. The importance of the eleotrical industry to Berlin may be readily appreciated when it is realized that at least one-sixth of that oity’s popu¬ lation id directly or indirectly dependent upon it for support. "I found my trip through Europe most interesting and instructive. It was mado mostly by motor oar, so we really saw the countries we went through, and really came in closer contact with the people who live in them than if we had travelled from place to place by train. I am well satisfied, however, to get back to my own country, for I did not see any country on the other side of the ocean that oan compare with the United States, if considered as a whole. WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES ABOUT EDISON This folder contains reminiscences about Edison by his associates and employees. The reminiscences were collected by William H. Meadowcroft during the research for the biography, Edison: His Life and Inventions, by Frank L. Dyer and Thomas C. Martin. Some of the reminiscences are prefaced by explanatory or additional correspondence. The documents are arranged alphabetically by author: William S. Andrews, William G. Bee, Charles T. Hughes, Samuel Insull, Edward H. Johnson, Walter S. Mallory, and Francis R. Upton. The Andrews material includes several letters pertaining to a meeting of the Illuminating Engineering Society in 1907 at which Edison and his early electrical work were recalled, along with the transcribed minutes of that meeting. Reminiscences subsequently published by Edward G. Acheson and Francis Jehl have not been selected. WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES BY WILLIAM S. ANDREWS PERSONAL. Schenectady, N. Y. , April 4, 1898. Mr. E. H. Mullin, New York City. Lear Mr. Mullin s- I was pleased to receive yours of the 30th ult., and should be glad to exohange notes with you occasion¬ ally on topios of mutual interest. Mr. Edison was in Sunbury, Pa., in July of 1883, for about a week or ten days supervising the starting up of the first three-wire Central Station for commercial electric lighting, and I then learned from him a great many of the terms relating to this business that have since become standard. The words "feeders”, "mains" and "services" are, I believe, original with Mr. Edison as applied to an eleotrioal system of conductors, although theynmay have had previous applications in the gas industry. He also originated the compound word "bus-bars", so named because all the feeders are connected to these bars; also many other terms which do not just now occur to me. I went to work for Edison in 1879, and in the latter part of this year or the beginning of 1880, I helped to buiia the first low tension bipolar generator of his invention. I remember that he started with the' idea that the aimature should v be of very low resistance, contrary to the oommonly aooepted | ideas at that time, and there was quite a Spirited controversy f in the Scientific Amerioan between Mr. Weston and Mr. Upton, | who was one of Mr. Edison’s assistants. If my reoolleotions are right, Mr. Weston maintained that to get the highest eoonomy, the resistance of armature should equal the resist¬ ance of the external oirouit, in accordance with the prevailing practice in series battery work; whereas Mr. Upton argued on Mr. Edison's assertion that the resistance of the dynamo armature could not be too low, and the lower it was, the greater would be the efficiency of the machine. This incident goes to prove how thoroughly Mr. Edison had grasped one of the fundamental requirements of the shunt wound dynamo even at this early date. . Ue worked a great deal by guesswork, however, in those days. I think we wound the field magnet of our first dynamo with Ho. 10 wire, and then wondered why the field absorbed all the current that the aimature could produoe. Then we put a lot of external resistance in series with the field oirouit, but that soheme out down the magnetism too much. The fact then beoame apparent that the armature rule worked inversely in the oase of the field magnet, and the resistance of the letter could not be too high, providing the magnetic field was strong enough. The field magnet was therefore rewound with smaller wire, and as the machine then gave better results, we tried still smaller winding, and so at last, after several trials, we secured fairly good results. All this work was I done without any rule or precedent to guide us, and I believe Mr. Edison aimed to get about 100 volts at the brushes. Then all kinds of different incandescent lamps were made with filaments of card-boafd, wood, pressed plumbago and all sorts and conditions of carbonized vegetable matter. It was soon observed that when lamps burned too brightly their life was short, and when the oarbon was too rod the light was unsatisfactory. By and hye experts began to make lamps so that they lasted pretty well and still gave a fairly good light. It was then found that we were running our lamps at about 110 volts, and at this voltage the lamps as then made appeared to give the best average of light and life. 110 volts thus began to be recognized as a nominal standard for •incandescent lamps, and after a time it became universal for Edison lamps. Subsequently we made 55 volt dynamos and lamps. The 110 volt machines and lamps were also for a time designated by the letter A. and the 55 volt machines and lamps by the letter B. , but these designations were only temporary, and the 55 volt system was not extensively used in connection with Edison work. We had a great time with that firBt dynamo! Edison was so interested in it that he would hardly take any sleep himself or let anybody else do so. I remember that I worked fifty-rtwo hours without closing my eyes, and then went to bed and slept for about fiftean hours without opening them! Edison used to say that anybody should be able to work all night and the next day without feeling very tired. If one worked through -4- pthe second night, a slight "tired feeling" wbb pardonable, but any healthy man should be able to do it and also oontinue work through the third day; then take a good rest the third night, and wake up next morning all right again. I tried this onoe, but did not get rested for a week afterwards, so suppose I could not have been in the enjoyment of good health at that timet 1 really believe those old days 'at Menlo Park were the happiest in my life. The constant excitment, the appreciation of the fact that we were working on something entirely novel, the continual development of new ideas and the ever recurring query - What next,, - all combined to keep one in a perpetual thrill of expectation, and after all, to philosophize a little. I think there is generally more pleasure in anticipation than in fulfillment! I oould ramble on in thid desultory manner almost indefinitely, but must change the subject lest I tax your time and patience too heavily. NOTE: Written in pencil "~' Written about 1907) This front page was so crumpled s*. and tom that I had to have it '^V /y't5- -^-*-6-. re-typed verbatim. W.S.A. A SHOHT ACCOUNT OE THE FIRST UNDERGROUND SYSTEM USED FOB INOANDESflEMT T.AMPB . . .. ■ In 1880, Mr. Edison laid out a system of underground distribution, covering a radius of more than half a mile from his laboratory at Menlo Park, to supply about 1000 lamps, placed on irooden lamp-posts along the streets and roads of the village of Menlo Park, and also in the dwellings. As no electric lighting circuits had ever before been placed underground, there was absolutely no experience to guide in the proper laying and insulation of the conductors. Mr. Edison believed that the low pressure of 100 volts would not cause sufficient leakage to demand expensive insulation, so he ordered the bare copper conductors to be laid in the earth, in very shallow trenches, with no insulation except wooden mold¬ ing, (such as is today used for interior lighting), with the usual covering board. These conductors were composed of No. 10 B.W.G. copper wire. The large conductor was composed of twenty-five wires at the dynamo room, and it tapered at the end, (about half a mile distant), down to one No. 10 wire. The system was a simple, two conductor, multiple circuit, ’without feeders. Lamps were tapped from these conductors at the base of each pole, and in front of the dwelling to be lighted. . The complete system was laid and covered with about six inches of earth, before it was tested. The test consisted of turning on the current, with the result that the line was found to be practically short-circuited by excessive, leakage throughout its entire length, as predicted by one or two of the old telegraphers employed by Mr. Edison as assistants. An attempt was then made to insulate the system by pouring coal tar into the grooves of the molding. For this pur¬ pose the trenches were uncovered, the coverings removed from the molding, and a liberal dose of liquid coal tar served hot into the grooves where the wires lay. This time the test for insulation was taken before an attempt was made to start the system, and it showed that the insulation resistance was too low for practical purposes. Mr. Edison's chemist then dis¬ covered that the coal tar contained sufficient acid to destroy its insulating properties. J _ The next step was to experiment on one main. This ex- con®is*fd of filling the grooves in the wooden mould- ing with a plastic composition made of powdered slate, and a binder which was discovered afterwards to be coal tar. This -3- inaulation also failed for the same reason as in previous trials, namely,- acid in the coal tar; and another experiment was under¬ taken, which consisted in serving the conductors with marlin, closely wrapped on by means of revolving spools, similar to those used today for insulating wires, although on a different scale. After this experiment had proved of insufficient utili¬ ty, Mr. Edison confessed himself to be tired of haphazard trials, so he requested Mr* Wilson S. Howell to go into his library, and read up on the subject of insulation and insulating materials, such as resins, gums, oils, etc., and report to him in two weeks, with a list of promising insulating materials, which would be cheap enough to use on a large scale. When this report was placed in Mr. Edison's hands, he directed Mr. Howell to purchase what he thought proper of these various materials, with a supply of pots and kettles for making compounds, and installed him in his chemical laboratory, with orders to produce a cheap and ef¬ fective insulating material. He states that Dr. Otto A. Moses, who was Mr. Edison's chemist, was nearly driven to distraction by the stenches and smoke of the cooking of the various insulating compounds in his laboratory. The experiments were made on lengths of 100 feet of No. 10 copper wire, and when a promising compound was pro¬ duced, this wire was served with the compound, held in place by muslin tape and after coiling into a tank of water, was tested for insulating properties, as long as the insulation would stand up. After a few weeks of these experiments, the best of the insulating compounds was selected for use. This compound was composed of refined Trinidad asphaltum, mixed with oxidized linseed oil to give it the right consistency, and a little para¬ ffine and beeswax were added to make the material smoother. Two or three tons of Trinidad asphaltum were bought, with a few barrels of linseed oil and litharge with which to oxidize the oil, several bales of cheap muslin, and some paraffine and beeswax. Two 50 gallon iron kettles were mounted on brick work, and the compound mixed in these kettles. The muslin was tom into strips about 3-1/3 inches wide for the largest conductors, and passed through the compound while hot, and made into balls, to facilitate the winding of the conductors. The conductors were again pulled up from the trenches, and lifted above the earth on short saw-horses. The method of winding was necessarily crude. A small boy straddled each con¬ ductor, walking out towards the end of the conductor, as he served the insulating tape carefully thereon. After he had pro¬ ceeded ten feet or so from the home end of the conductor, a second boy was started out with a second ball of tape, and this one was again followed by a third boy; so that three servings of tape were put on each conductor, which was then laid back -3- into the trenches, the wooden molding having been removed. Each line was then tested, and the insulation was found to be remarkably good. The first line completed was the one that led from the dynamo room past Mr. Edison's house, and along the Penn¬ sylvania Railroad tracks. It was on Election Day, 1880, that Mr. Howell inform¬ ed Mr. Edison that this line was completed, the lamps in place, and everything ready for starting up. His answer was character¬ istic, "If Garfield is elected, light up that circuit. If not, do not light it." Several of Mr. Edison's assistants gathered that even¬ ing with him in his Laboratory office to receive the returns. • Mr. Edward H. Johnson was at the key, which was on a loop run from the telegraph line along the railroad tracks. Careful tally was kept of the returns, and when the result seemed cer¬ tain, Mr. Edison gave orders to light up the circuit, which ran for about a mile along the railway tracks, steam had been kept up, and everything was in readiness to start the machinery, and turn the current into this circuit; so the row of bamboo filament lamps was started glowing on the night of Garfield's election, in November, 1880,- the first use of the incandescent lamp to celebrate the election of an American president. This system of underground conductors maintained its insulation throughout that winter, and was in good working order when abandoned the next year, at the finish of Mr. Edison's celebrated demonstration of the efficiency of his incandescent lighting system, and the feasibility of operating underground electric lighting circuits. The insulating compound prepared for this first under¬ ground system was used with practically no alternation, by the Edison Tube Works in the manufacture of the Edison Underground Tubing, and it is practically the same composition as that which is employed today for this purpose. W.S.A.-AB COPY Apr, 20, 1009. W, S. Andrews , Esq. , General Electric Co., Schenectady, S. Y. Hy doer Yr. Andrews :- Sor a year or more 1 have been endeavoring to got a copy of the Minutes of tho dlBouoaion which took place after your historical paper woe read «t tho mooting of tho Illuminating Engineering Sooicty. I finally succeeded, and have two or throe copies nftor preserving what I need for the Board’s library and iny personal collection; also ono ibr J&r. Clarke. I dislike to put you to any trouble about it, but, it scorns to me that your impromptu romnrks, between tho paragraphs of your paper an originally road and printed, contained several statements which ought not to be lost and which wore not taken by tho stenographer. I recall, for example, some of your more or lose facetious recollec¬ tions regarding tho way in whioh the railway conductors wore laid down at Menlo Bark in 1800; also I presume tho conductors used for the illumination of a large area at that time. I think you will readily call to ralnd the points on which you thus enlarged in this sooond. address. Very likely you mado some tnrmorandtua of them on. your notes which represented what you had said at the meeting of the Edison Illuminating Companies. Ky suggestion is that your otorios and contributions to his¬ tory regarding tho work done at Konlo Park might bo briefly restated in a letter to mo or to somebody else, a copy of whioh oould be filed with tho otonographor’s notes of tho discussion. COPY incidents and what now appear to na tho unBcoountablo things which occurred at that tirao, before they dieappear from your memory and that of others viio are now nolo to toll the citory. In Ur, Kendow- oroft’a work on tho life of Edison ho is endeavoring, as I believe you understand, to embalm all on oh anecdotes and torae illustrations os will bring in the human side of Edison’s invontig&tions and dis¬ coveries. Quito likely you have contributed tie nothing to bin stoofc of interesting reminiscences of thie sort. If you have not, you ought to do so. X urged upon him tho other day tho great desirabil¬ ity of submitting to you and o few others t3io are available, the first draft of tho chapter on Electric Lighting and Power Distribu¬ tion. Ho said he fully intended to do no, a'he object of this ref¬ erence to tho matter is to moke certain that you do not lone tho op¬ portunity of adding nonothiug to what ho can get from others. I believe ho intends to send the manuscript to mo before a great viiilo, "/e fii'o not cooing much of each other, I hope you will call whenever you can. Yours very truly. [ATTACHMENT! Meeting of the Hew York section of the Illuminating Engineering Society held at the Engineering Building, Hew York City, Thursday evening, Hovember 14, 1907. Chairman Borstall called the meeting to order at 8:30 o'clock and said: The meeting will please come to order. It gives me pleasure to see that the President of the Society is with us this evening, and I think you will join me in requesting him to preside over this meeting. Dr. Sharp, we will he very pleased to have jrou take the Chair. Dr. Sharp took the Chair and said: It gives me great pleasure to introduce to the Hew York Section of this Society one of the first and one of the most distinguished of the gentlemen who were connected in the early days and who are still'1 connected with the electric lighting industry of this country. Before a distinctively electrical assemblage it would not he necessary for me to rise to introduce this gentleman to you, hut since this society represents all kinds and methods of Illumination, and all the sides of the art of illumination, and science of illumination, there is a certain appropriateness in my presenting to you this evening Mr. V. S. Andrews of Schen¬ ectady. • i Mr. Andrews then delivered his address: 1. [ATTACHMENT! 4 President Sharp: Gentlemen, we have listened with very great pleasure to the remarks of Mr. Andrews, and X am sure that I am voicing the sentiments of every one present when I say that we are deeply indebted to him for coming down here and presenting this address ,to us. X hope that we next may hear from a number of those who were associated with Mr. Edison and with Mr. Andrews in this early pioneer work which has led up to the developments which we see at the present time. To introduce this discussion, I will take the liberty of asking one who has been identified with this work from the very start and who is still in a position to view the whole field of electric lighting and of the electrical industry in general, Mr. T. C. Martin: Mr. T. 0. Martin: Mr. President and Gentlemen: While I\ believe I can claim the honor and distinction of being the Oldest Edison man in the room, not by virtue of years, but by length of connection, that very same privilege un¬ fortunately denied me the opportunity of being as closely / connected with the introduction of the art of incandescent lighting as howoT could wish; but it is impossible, X .be- lieve, to be connected in a pioneer capacity with every great art as it comes along. We do not make the selection for ourselves, Providence has a hand in it. My Work with Mr. Edison in connection with the phonograph and automatic 'tele¬ graph, telephone and other inventions during the closing period of 1877, the year 1878, and the earlier period of 1879 had so far used up my youthful energies that I was very glad during [ATTACHMENT] Sail of 1879 to seek rest and recuperation in the West Indies, allowing my successors an opportunity to distinguish themselves in' their field. ' It was during 1879 that we began to hear the first whispers and murmurs of the coming tremendous development in incandescent lighting, of which we have had so admirable presentation tonight from my dear old friend Mr. Andrews, to whom my departure from the scene may perhaps have given a better opportunity than he otherwise would have enjoyed. I have been very much interested in traversing this history with him tonight and hearing him rehearse with such accu¬ racy and yet with so much modesty the part which he himself has played in this great flourishing development of an • art to which the world already owes so much. I was par¬ ticularly interested to hear him give some statistics which I myself had the privilege of preparing for ' the HI, S. Cen¬ sus.:. Office, namely, that five years ago the development in incandescent lighting and arc lighting represented a capi¬ talization in this country of $586,000,000. That amount, today in the five years which have elapsed reaches closely upon $1,000,000,000, and yet I could not help recalling, as he threw upon the screen tonight the picture of the steamship Columbia, the very interesting fact that the paper filament lamps which were placed in that installation were taken. on board the ^earner by my old friend Prank Upton in a market basket. Today, as i see the wagons of the Hew York Edison Company perambulating this City laden with lamps given away [ATTACHMENT! freely to some seventy thousand customers, I cannot help think¬ ing of the tremendous and wonderful development which has taken Place in the incandescent lighting field, which is represented by the total consumption in this country alone of 250,000,000 incandescent lamps dp to date. X think at this stage, Mr. Chairman, I may be permit-, ted to leave to those who have, actually taken part in the development of the art,' tp continue the story part of which ■ X have endeavored during the, last twenty-five years to record as a mere historian. , i President Sharp: In hr', Andrews' remarks ho spoke „f a certain direct connected unit, as we call it today, in •hlch the engine made very extraordinary speed in revolutions per minute, and said that Mr. Clark could tell us something about that engine. I should like very much if Mr. Clark fill favor »s with some remarks on that engine and other things. . . Mr. Charles 1. Clarke: I remember distinctly the engine during the length of time it was in service. Charles I. Porter, an eminent designer of high speed stationary engines undertook to make for Mr. Mis.n . an engine 0i „„„0„aliy high speed, much higher than he had before attempted, and entered into the work with all the woll-khnwn enthusiasm and ability characteristic of the mah. The engine was, as Mr. Andrews ba. said, designed to develop about lOO.h.p. at 600 revolutions: under the very high steam pressure for stationary ,„gin.„ of 1*0 lbs. , 6„ to 80 lbs being considered a high pressure at that time. Pdln.n built the dyuamo which was a very large one [ATTACHMENT! for that period, and adapted it for direct connection with the engine. Both engine and dynamo were mounted on a single heavy cast-iron bed plate, which was firmly bolted down on a large brick and cement foundation that nothing could move. In fact, it is there now; hoodlums and tramps have taken away almost everything else that was left in the establishment, but the foundation remains. I remember distinctly the night steam was first turned on to the! engine — Edison was there, Sorter was there, and John Kruesi, . Edison's mechanical engineer, and in later years mechanical engineer of the General Electric Com¬ pany, was also there, likewise Batchelor, Upton and other- as¬ sistants of Edison, who afterwardB eminently did their share in developing the art of incandescent electric lighting. Mr. Porter, of course, could-not admit he was afraid of his own work, so he was willingly given the privilege of turning on the steam. In designing the engine he had naturally been obliged to depart from usual practice in so many respects that it was not to be supposed the governor could be adjusted beforehand to hold the engine at the desired speed; this was a matter for experiment. He kept opening the throttle and looking at the governor to see it rise. By and by it rose, but not until the engine was going with a vengeance, and the hair of most of those in the room was rising and the place was rapidly being evacuated. Nothing, however, would scare Edison; he remained, and also Porter and myself — I was young and inexperienced, " and simply did not know enough to be afraid - - I thought that was what a high speed engine should do — go fast and make a " [ATTACHMENT] t>ig noiae. It sounded like an immense drop-forge foundry, with ten thousand hammers in operation, that is about the best way I can express it. Porter said -- "Let us take the speed, Clarke." I replied "all right," and held the speed indicator, while Edison held the watch. The reading showed, that the engine was making 750 revolutions, per minute. The link mo¬ tion, within the limits of its movement, looked simply like a triangular shaped bit of haze or fog, and a newspaper could be read through the crank rod. Altho.ugh the engine did not heat up, and the trial was a success in many respects, it was decided before the test of that evening was over that the speed was too high for safety, and the engine was condemned as far as its use for the purposes intended were concerned. Afterwards the en¬ gine was operated for a short time at 350 revolutions per min¬ ute, in order to experiment with the dynamo to determine its electrical characteristics. But the idea of operating engines at such a high speed as 600 revolutions per minute was dropped, and larger engines of the same power, at 350 revolutions,' were adopted, at the Pearl Street station and elsewhere, as mentioned [ATTACHMENT! President Sharp: Mr. Andrews has referred to another gentleman who was prominently connected with the installation of the first Mew York station, and who also- was the first to carry the Edison system to the Italian Peninsula. This gen¬ tleman is still lighting Mew York by electricity, and has favor¬ ed us with his presence this evening. I hope we may hear from •Mr. 'Lieb. Mr. John W. lieb, Jr.!' Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: I am sure these pictures which Mr. Andrews has pre¬ sented and his interesting remarks have called to the minds of many of us interesting experiences passed many years ago in the pioneer days of the industry. In some of the developments of the early days in connection with the commercial applications of the electric lighting systems we did not profit experience along similar lines that was available and in starting up some of the stations they were operated without any ammeters or voltmeters, although such instruments of more or less practicable types were avail¬ able. • One of the most remarkable things in connection with the whole development of the industry is the fact that so many features which have become recognized as essential parts of all commercial lighting systems had been well thought out by Hr A Edison, 'so that when his " system ms finally perfected there: was available a complete and practical system including the engines, [ATTACHMENT! dynamos, regulators, underground system, wiring, safety de¬ vices, meters, switches, sockets and the lamp itself. President Sharp: We have the pleasure of having with us tonight a gentleman from the other side of the water who has already made himself heard for a moment regarding the "Jumbo'' which was installed in the Holburn Viaduct Station in the early days. I wish that we may hearifrom Mr. .Stewart . Mr. W. IT. Stewart: Mr. President and Gentlemen: I thank' you for the invitation to participate in this discussion. This iB the first time in my twenty-six years that I have been privi¬ leged to gather with a lot of old Edison men, and it gives me great pleasure to be here on this occasion. I left Goerick street in 1881, the proud possessor of one of these d jumbos which Mr. Andrews has shown us, and a vast fund 6f inexperience, which would fill several books. I made an exhibition of the jpmbo in the theatre in Santiago, Chili, and on the first even¬ ing when the theatre was filled with the aristocracy of the town, I discovered to my horror the binding wire arotod the axmature was slowly stripping off and going to pieces. We had no means of boring out the field magnets, and we cut grooves in it. I think the machine is still running. The result of the exhibi¬ tion was the establishment of a central station in the follow¬ ing year, 1882,. which consisted of eight K dynamos. I have followed the careers of the old Edison men with pleasure and interest, and rejoiced in their -successes and- [ATTACHMENT] the reputations they have made, hut i, too, cam claim a reputa¬ tion in this business. I claim the reputation of having in¬ stalled and operated the worst Edison central station ever known in the history of the business. I am not proud of that reputation, but I think no one can challenge the fact. With these eight K. dynamos we had four belts between each engine and the dynamo. The steam pressure was linlited to 75 pounds per square inch. We had two-wire underground feeders, sent without any plans or specifications for their installation; the station never had an ammeter or voltmeter, the station pressure was re¬ gistered by a galvanometer; we were using coal costing $12. a ton, and we were paid for our light in currency worth fifty cents on the dollar. The only thing that I can be proud of in connection with the plant is the fact that I did not design it, and once in a while we made out to pay its operating expenses, and occasionally we could run it for three months without a total breakdown. Since then you have seen great improvements, every¬ thing has advanced, and I want- to say to the yotag men here tonight, that while perhaps they think they have not the oppor¬ tunities the older men had in the beginning, of the business, 1 want to show them that the chances are today greater for suc¬ cess. We had to do our work by main strength and awkwardness — there was no skilled attention — no attendants, no science about the business, everything new and untried; we did not have the mental equipment, the training which the young men have today, [ATTACHMENT] and therefore I say keep on with the improvements. Yesterday we thought the reoiprooating engine was the end of all things, today we use the steam turbine, and tomorrow we may have the gas turbine. There is always room at the top for young men, but one thing will not improve, and that is the magnificent esgrit de oor^s and spirit of fraternity that ex¬ isted among the old Edison men, I never knew one' of them afraid to. turn his hands to any work, no matter how dirty, or who failed to assist a brother in distress or give him the bene¬ fit of any knowledge: and I hope the young men will perpetuate that spirit. As I go to my distant home in a few days, I shall remember my visit here tonight with great pleasure and I wish you all God Speed. 10. [ATTACHMENT] President Sharp: In connection with some of the early- work done in illuminating engineering with the incandescent lamp, when it was really in its infancy,! think we should be interested in listening to what we may hear from Mr. Howell. Mr. Wilson S.- Howell: Mr. President and Gentlemen: In looking back at the old stations that had no means of regulation, no indicators, no voltmeters or ammeters, it is wonderful to think that the Edison lamp was so very good aB it was. It did not get the credit for it. The stations were run at all kinds of pressures and with all kinds of results from the lamps. Some records of life were very high and some • records were very low. 1 remember complaints that used to ' come in from the station managers to the Edison Lamp Works when I was a station manager in those days, that the lamps were rotten, no good,, and at one meeting of the Edison Association, away back, the manager of one of the largest stations in Pennsylvania — Philadelphia was not started then — got on his feet and condemned the Edison lamp as rotten, he .said it would not live 200 hours, and the tirade against the Edison lamp amused me very much. 1 do not know what possessed me to do it, but I winked at this gentleman, and that encouraged him to believe that I had some experience of a similar character in the little station in New Jersey - which I was operating at that time, and before leaving the floor he said that he knew that Wilson Howell would back up [ATTACHMENT] what he said about the rottenness of the Edison lamp. Well, I could not. 1 acknowledged when 1 got on my feet that I had not had the same results, that, my experience with the Edison lamp in New Brunswick, N. J. , had been quite the op¬ posite, but that 1 had paid extreme care to my regulation and that 1 had secured considerably over 3000 hours average life for my lamps. 1 had no sooner taken my seat than our worthy Eennsylvania friend jumped to his feet and said that it was easy to account for the rottenness of the lamps in his town and the excellence of the lamps in my town. He said: Gentlemen, the man who runs the New Brunswick station has a brother in the lamp Works. Mr. Edison was at the meeting and interested in the account which 1 gave of getting such a long, satisfactory life from the carbon lamp, and before 1 left the meeting he asked if 1 would not tell him how 1 got it. I told him that 1 regulated the pressure very carefully, and that 1 was at that time running ten candle power lamps at 16 candle power, and getti ng an average of over 1,000 hours from those lamps. He‘ asked me if 1 would take 100 lamps which he would specially prepare for me , and make a life test . of the lamps. He made a lot of fine lamps, as fine as we had in those days, and 1 ran them day and night at l6 candle power and got over 600 hours average life out of these lamps and that was the first try out of the so-called new type high efficiency [ATTACHMENT] President Sharp: We have with us tonight one of the early Edison men who has distinguished himself in many electrical fields, perhaps more so in others than the lighting field, hut Whom we shall he glad to hear from to- night. I refer to Mr. Sprague. Mr. Prank J. Sprague: I have not much to say, hut 1 am glad to add a few words of Thomas A. Edison, a man whose name is emblazoned in the records of fame above that of all other great 'inventors. Twenty-nine years is perhaps a long span in any man's life, hut it is a little more than that when, somewhat ambitious as an inventor, 1 wrote from the Naval Academy to Mr. Edison on some matters relating to tele¬ phony. 1 received a courteous letter from him saying he would he glad to see me at his laboratory on my way home, I remember my first interview with him. It was marked with the same cordiality, hut good horse sense, which every man who has come in contact with Mr. Edison has always found. He pointed out the defects in my plan, hut seeing my hesitation said: - If you do not think so , go to my laboratory and try it. Going inside the. walls of the laboratory, 1 was attracted by the atmosphere of the place, and soon put aside my particu¬ lar scheme. Shortly afterwards 1 left for a trip around the world, but the electric germ had gotten into my head, and I could not get rid of it. The low marks which 1 later received from my superior officers may be charged to my interest in [ATTACHMENT] electrical subjects. In the spring of 1880* 1 was ordered to the Minnesota:, a training ship with 350 boys on board, but 1 had no relish for "training the young idea how to shoot." While roaming around the Eh ip 1 diecovered a single cylinder fly wheel feed pump. 1 wrote to Mr. Edison in effect —"Can 1 borrow ' one of the Z dynamos? I would like to make an attempt to introduce electric light into the U. S. Naval Service. I have a feed pump with a fly wheel which I will use as an engine, and 1 think 1 can make the dynamo run." Edison's horse sense was, manifested by his reply, declining to allow the use of the machine, and explaining that the resultant ir¬ regularity will damn the light, and a year or two later it was my pleasure to secure orders for the Sydenham Electric Ex¬ hibition. 1 landed in London with $20 in my pocket’ and many debts on my shoulders, but pending pay arrangements, managed to money get„enough to pay my board. I reported to the august body known as the Jury of that exhibition, containing men like Horace Darwin, Fleming Jenkin, irof. ChaB. Adam and Capt. f> ) de Abney, all wise looking and able, and 1 was young. 1 an- ' nounced that the only section of the Jury on which I would act was that dealing with electric lighting, and electric motors if there were such. They looked me over, sized me up and concluded to put the work on me. 1 was made Secretary of the Section, and with Prof.' Adams and Horace Darwin organized [ATTACHMENT! a series of tests for every lamp and dynamo in that exhibition, It was at that exhibition that the first large installation Mr. Andrews spoke of tonight was made, and 1 became so imbued with the importance of Edison's work, and . the future of elec- , trical development that I embraced the opportunity of becoming well acquainted with Mr, E. H. Johnson, Mr, Edison's repre¬ sentative at that time, and on his recommendation 1 made up my mind to resign from the Naval service. 1 resigned sooner than Johnson expected, and he had me on his hands. Meanwhile, he had called upon me to make a report of the three-wire system, known in England as the Hopkinson system, both Dr. John Hopkinson and Mr. Edison being independent in¬ ventors at practically the Bame time. 1 reported on that, left London, and landed in New York on the day of the. opening of the Brooklyn Bridge, in 1883, and with a year's leave of absence. . I reported at the office of Mr. Edison on Fifth Avenue, and. told Mr. Edison 1 had seen Johnson. He looked me over and said-- "What did he promise you?" "$2500 a year" I replied. He did not say much, but looked it. About that time Mr. Andrews and 1 came together. On the 2d of July of that year we were ordered to Sunbury, and to be ready to start the station on the 4th. The electrical work had to be done in forty-eight hours. Having traveled around the world, 1 had cultivated an indifference to any special difficulties of [ATTACHMENT] that kind. Mr. Andrews and I worked in collaboration until ■file night of the 3d. 1 think he was, perhaps, more appreci¬ ative of the discipline of what at that time was known as the Edison Construction Department, .hut more familiarly known afterward as the destruction department, than 1 was; and one of the old Edison men, Mr. Samuel lnsull,onoe Mr. Edison's secretary, was manager of the organization^ Mr. Andrews thought it would he well for us to. wait until the morning of the 4th before we started up. I said that we were sent over to get going, and insisted on starting up on the night of the 3d. We had an Armington & Sims engine with sight-feed oiler. 1 1 had never seen- one, and did not know how it worked, with the result that we soon burned up the babbit in the bearings, and spent a good portion of the night getting them put in order. The next day, Mr. Edison, Mr. Insull and the Chief Engineer of -the Construction Department appeared on the scene, and wanted to know what had happened. They found an engine somewhat loose in the bearings, and there followed some remarks which would not appear well in print. Andrews skipped from under, he obeyed orders, and 1 did not. But the plant ran, and it was the first three-wire station started in thi s country. Mr. Andrews spoke of the jumbo plant on the Holborn Viaduct , installed under direction of Mr. Hammer. That was T [ATTACHMENT] perhaps the first place where a large electric motor, driven from a machine of like character, was operated by accident. The two machines were running one night, and after the usual falling off in the demand for current, an order was given to the engineer to shut down one engine. He did not think it wise to pull a switch with the current on, so he began to screw down the valve, but the engine kept on running. After a while he had the throttle entirely closed, but the engine was still going. . Then we suddenly discovered the fact that the machine was taking current from the other machine, and was running as a motor - driving the engine. The Brockton station was the first three-wire under¬ ground station. 1 was sent there in charge. In the mean¬ time, 1 had not been in as great favor with the Construction Department as might have been desirable. A few months had pa.ssed, 1 had drawn my salary, but I was wondering if 1 would last out. My relations with the Manager were not entirely harmonious. At that time the activities of the Cons¬ truction Department were somewhat limited by the methods of finding out how to plan a station. Brother Clark remembers how that was done. There was a table on which were laid out mains and feeders, and resistances representing groups of lamps according to the report made by the canvassers. If 1 remember rightly, the lay-out . was founded on the idea of mains [ATTACHMENT] method took a week or more and Mr. Edison concluded there should he some more abbreviated system. He had bo mathematical train¬ ing, but, as X have said, plenty of common sense. .He said - "I want a shorter plan devised". Johnson saw me and said - "Why don't you try it? You had your training at Annapolis and can certainly do it" I said - "All right,' I will try it." I went to work and developed a mathematical system which Edison would not accept till proved out. His methods were often very prac¬ tical. A Story is told that two of his assistants were once instructed to calculate the oubioal contents of a lamp and that they did so with very much mathematics! The results disagreed, and he said: "Both cannot be right, try it again." They tried it the second time and agreed more closely. He promptly check¬ ed them by filling a lamp bulb with water and weighing. I duly presented my plan to him, and he said he thought he would see how it agreed with a careful physical lay-out. My solution finally proved to be between the two, arid was adopted as the successful method. I was sent to Brockton with a new feather in my hat, to take charge of the station electrical work, except that pertaining, to meters,/ which' was given to another man, and for some time used to make, sp.1 distribution plans in a few hours. Well .those were somewhat anxious days, but the Edison business kept growing, and about 1884, at the end of one year ' s service, Mr. Edison one day asked me to take up the subject of the transmission of power. I wrote him a very glowing epistle, putting into it my best efforts, and told him I must decline to take up the field of power except in my own way; in fact, I was [ATTACHMENT] ambitious to make a name in' that field, if X oould. A reply soon came, a brief typewritten communication something like this: "Sprague: Inasmuch as the .Construction Department is about to be given up, X think .the best plan for you will be to resign. Edison." That was sufficiently curt and short, but I am very glad I got it, because immediately afterward I took up the subject of the development of the transmission of power and railway work, with what results it would be out of place tonight to detail. [ATTACHMENT! President Sharp: It gives me great pleasure to call on Prof. Marks, especially as the Professor is next on i list. Prof. Marks:. I did not come here expecting to say a word. When I learned that the pioneer, Mr. Andrews, whom I ' have always esteemed, was going to tell me about the things that happened in the long, long ago, I wanted to oome and hear him. I really oannot say very much to add to the interest of the subject myself. I began, you might say, under the personal instruction of Edison, In 1887, to build the first 10,000 h.p. station that was ever attempted. A vast amount of discussion re¬ sulted from the fact that we proposed .to put in a 1,000 ampere dynamo and run it at 125 volts. We got it in finally, and it al¬ ways run right. The station itself , as you perhaps know, was the first one run to the then enormous height of 120 feet, and it was to have some 10,000 h.p. of engines, and some 14,000 h.p. in boilers. At that time it was considered wonderful, nothing like it ever heard of before. I kept always turning, however, during disputes, to the common sense of Edison, who was willing to dis¬ cuss any trouble that came .up. We had a good many financial difficulties too. I am not going to tell you more about the engineering - we have had that fully discussed, but we had a good: many financial troubles concerning which it was not proper then to speak. There was a banker in Philadelphia who took the matter up and who undertook to raise a million dollars,' but he failed before the money was raised, and it turned out after that, that the Edison royalty was thirty-five per cent of that million — think of it, gentlemen, $350,000, and finally they [ATTACHMENT! compromised on $300,000 in stock and $35,000 in cash. After¬ ward we found we would have to have some $60,000 more. I did not know why, and it was only later that I found out that the Philadelphia politicians had to he taken care of before we could start the station. It resulted that $400,000 had to be spent at the start and $600,000 was left in my hands as engineer with which to build a 10,000 h.p. station, with all the necessary distribution and net-work of conductors. We struggled along with that $600,000 for two years, and finally we got to going. Then followed two years of service as engineer , during, which at times I did not know whether or no I was going to have money enough to pay for the men at the end of the month. We always went behind, and finally I turned to Mr. Edison again and told him something must be done. We had*four presidents, and no end of change in the Board of Directors, and trouble and death in the station with , it all. one thing we always stuck to and that was that the lamps should be I-1/2 or possibly 1-1/4 ;oent. per lamp hour, but the people would not have it. Edison again came to my rescue. And we put the lamp hour at 3/4 cent, which was the first time in the history of electricity that the prifie of electricity was put at 15 cents per kilowatt hour as the highest rate. I devoted myself to finding out just what it did C°Bt t0 run station.. I was digging day' after day and hour after hour into every, bit of data, and it dawned on me final ly, in the year 1890 or 1891 that if you can get anything hooked on that will. run from ten to five hours you can sell electricity for five cents to 7.5 cents per kilowatt hour, and if you can get it to run a little longer, at less than ll. ■■ 5 cents [ATTACHMENT] per kilowatt huur, and then that system was inaugurated. By that time, (fend of 1891) this Edison Company had accumulated a floating indebtedness of $180,000 and debenture indebtedness of $300,000, but from that moment on, (and I owe it to the as¬ sistance of Thomas A. Edison, because all my own arguments would have had very little .effect) but from the moment we inaugurated a scale of 15 cents. per kilowatt hour and discounts according to the length of use down as low as 5 cents per kilowatt hour, the prosperity of the station began to be apparent, and in four years we succeeded in paying off our debts and an average dividend of 13 per cent per.annum. In this fact you have only another illustration of Edison's horse sense and far seeing . wisdom. Mr. J. D. Elack: I do not know that I can exactly be called one of the pioneers. My connection with Mr. Edison dates from the year 1887 at the Edison Lamp Works at Hairison Hew Jersey. Those were the days of the old wooden box volt¬ meter and indicator such as at that time were used in the earlier stations. It was my duty to look after the calibra¬ tion of these instruments together with the photometric testing of incandescent lamps. The Edison System at this time was well developed so that I can not recall any of the earlier troubles and difficulties. I do recall an exhibition of Mr. Edison's horse sense, as it is nailed. Mr. Edison's laboratory, at the time l speak of was located at the Lamp Works and it was his custom to [ATTACHMENT] have his experimental lamps sent to the photometer department for test. These lamps after test were returned to him together v/ith tabulated sheets showing candle power , economies, etc. V/he: error occurred in these tabulations, as they sometimes did, Mr. Edison would upon an Inspection of the sheets immediately point these errors without any apparent calculation whatsoever, run¬ ning over the tabulations rapidly with his finger checking off the results in error as fast as he came to -them, saying as he strtiLCk each out "you have made a mistake, try this one over". ' X know, of no case where we made our test a second time that we did not find that we were wrong and Hr. Edison was right. The errors were detected as quickly as he saw the figures and could place his finger upon them. The quickness v/ith which this was done did not permit of even the ordinary mental calculation and the fact that he was never wrong exhibiti action of his brain. This is especially inti is known what a limited knowledge Mr. Edison had at this time of arithmetic. President Sharp: I wish next to call on a member who is also Secretary of the American Institute of Electrical- Engin- errs, Mr. Ralph VT. Pope. Mr. Ralph W. Pope: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: I suppose I might be considered today a pioneer possibly in the electric field, it is just going on fifty years since X took up telegraphy in the winter of 1858. It was not my fortune ■ to be connected with the development of ele ctric lighting, and [ATTACHMENT! what I know about it is what I have seen from the outside, but of course X have watched its development from the very earliest times. I had the good fortune to be associated with Mr. Edison to a considerable extent at the time he was developing' the print¬ ing telegraph. You may remember that one of his first and most important patents was what was known as the Pope & Edison printer, my brother, the late Eranklin L. Pope, being associated with Mr.. Edison in that work. The first electrio lighting that X knew of was shown experimentally by the late Dr. Ogden Dor emus in the early 70' s. It was simply an arc lamp operated by quite a large number of gallon cells of carbon ba.ttery. The object he had in view in making, the demonstration was to bring about the use of an arc lamp for light house purposes. Theh followed the inventions of Mr. Edison developed at Menlo Park.. About the same time Mr. • Brush came into the field with an arc lamp which made quite a display and electric lighting interests profited very largely by the advertising of the incendescerit lamp through the stories of the incandescent lamp in the Mew York newspapers. This, of course, was about 1878,1879 or 1880. This development of electric lighting was a most happy circumstance for steamship work, and we have heard tonight of the early installation on the Steamship Columbia, which proved the suitability of the elec¬ tric light for marine purposes, so that today I do not suppose any other light' is ever considered where steam is used o# board of a ship. ■ [ATTACHMENT! I think it should, he stated that the old Pearl Street station in Nev/ ¥ork City was on Pearl Street, Mo. 257, I think, a few doors from Pulton Street. President Sharp: Are there any other gentlemen present who desire to take part in this disoussion? President Sharp: We would he very pleased to hear from Mr. Jenks on the question which is before the meeting. Mr. V/. J. Jeriks: Hr. President and gentlemen: The lecture of Mr. Andrews, and the reminiscences which it has called out, carry me hack nearly twenty-five years, to the time when, about the 1st of August,. 1883, Mr. Sprague came to Brockton to put in the electrical work of that first three -wire under¬ ground station, of whjLbh ± was to he Manager. Mr. Sprague's work at that time had been generally outlined. Three "H" dyna¬ mos had been provided, as Mr. Andrews showed you in the photo¬ graph of the interior of the Brockton station. One of them ran from a 35 h.p. Armington & Sims engine, 350 revolutions per min¬ ute; the other two were operated by a 125 h.p. engine, 185 revolutions per minute. The scheme was that when the load drop¬ ped off to small proportions after 10 O'clock, we should, by proper switches, cut one of the outside sdbam bus wires (this .' was before the days of bars) of the three-wire system and instant¬ ly join it to the other, so as to have two outgoing and one re¬ turning wire, this relieving one dynamo on the large engine, throwing the load upon the other at single voltage, then switch¬ ing to the single generator and small engine. We did it' until we [ATTACHMENT] found that during that light load we reversed half of our meters and the station- owed several customers for current; than we stopped. We were using the Edison Chemical meter then, and the way you connected it with the circuit made the radical difference between an income and an expense account. I have a very vivid' recollection of one , night, not long after the big conductors from the dynamos to the switch¬ board were very carefully taped , asphalted and put under the floor by .Mr, Sprague. There was no cellar, and these dynamo wires were run straight down beside the base frames, laid in grooves cut in the floor timbers and came up on the side of the room. We had started the station Oot.l, 1883 with great pomp and amid popular acclaim. , After having staid with us a week Mr, Edison had gone home and we had a locomotive engineer who was not supposed to be afraid of anything, to run the engine and dynamos. (. All of -a sudden one quiet evening there came a grand flash and noise and some fire through the floor; the fireman hid behind the hoiler, the engineer jumped out of the window., and Mr. Sprague turned the juice off and stopped the engine. Eor a time these things happened right along. The Brockton station was the birthplace of the- Sprague motor. Although- it was for some years a show-plant, illustra¬ tive of the best practice in the use of the three -wire system, the time it afforded Mr. Sprague for embodying his ideas in his first crude motors, resulted in a degree of progress which en¬ titles this pioneer station to the greater distinction of being [ATTACHMENT! the starting point from which have spread, the ever-widening uses of the Sprague methods and apparatus. The little office of the station. had a tapestry carpet and a lounge. Eor some weeks during Mr. Sprague's watchcare of the system's operation, the carpet was littered with armature cores, magnet wire of varied coverings and colors, jack knives, asphaltum varnish, japan and shellac bottles, paper insulation, magneto testing bells, and other interesting and important materials and devices. Most of these were stored under the lounge during the hours of extreme mental activity following the receipt from Hew York of blue-prints of new cities and towns to which Mr. Sprague has alluded, charted to show existing lighting, and waiting to learn, by Mr. Sprague's mathematical methods, the size and cost of electric conductors for so-called "village-plant" three- wire installations. It was generally understood by the station employees that the most satisfactory results were secured when these charts and Mr. Sprague were spread at length on the office carpet, and the overflow accessories of wires, bells and as- phaltum were kicked into the corner. Thus the three -wire system prospered while its engineering department .was located in Brock¬ ton. '• ' I'f our friend Mr. H. Ward Leonard were here he .could tell interesting stories. of his work at Brockton as Mr. Edison's meter expert. The first- locally employed meter man was a boy named Kimball , who was disposed to spend more of his time in revelling in. new electrical problems than in weighing the plates o£ chemical meters. •! happened to find sum to-day an autograph [ATTACHMENT! \ letter written by Mr. Edison to Mr. Andrews Jan.- 2, 1884, three months after the Brockton station started, and containing sug¬ gestions for later stations. I will read a few sentences: " I think the wages fDr men at stations should be' as follows: Engineer, $65 per month daylight to daylight running, starting, of course, one-half hour before required in evening. They do their own firing up to 1600 lights, after that a fire¬ man allowed. The meter man should be called manager, salary $50 a month. Duties taking meters, collecting, keeping books and running electrical part from one-half hour before. dusk until 75 pet. of load goes off. I should not take too young a man for this, say man from 23 to 30 years old, bright and businesslike. Don't want any one who yearns to enter a laboratory and experi¬ ments. We have a bad case of that at Brockton; he neglects business to potter. What we want is a good lamp average and no unprofitable customers. You should have these men on probation and subject to passing an examination by me. This will wake them up. Also I think it very essential that for several days the steam should be raised i£ the morning and if there is a spare at station they should be practiced., (both Eng. and Manager) on switching, using bank of lamps; We have found that: the Brockton: men were not sufficiently practical, hence if anything goes wrong they lose their heads. " There are many things that come to the minds of old- timers here which would be of great interest to all of you. Re¬ miniscences like these may be made valuable as well as enter¬ taining , and someone should undertake the task of gathering them [ATTACHMENT! \ v while the promoters and early managers remain to tell their stories. Of the Brockton plant constructors, John Kreusi, who Placed the underground conductor system, has gone, hut the rest are available. Mr. Andrews deserves our cordial thanks for his effort to revive these recollections, and another evening might well be devoted to a further address along similar lines. WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES BY WILLIAM G. BEE 7 Anecdote showing Edison'B tenaoious memory, related by Billie Bee. "One day Col. Bailey, of Amesbury, Mass., who was visit ing the Auto Show in New York, own e out to the Laboratory to see Nr. Edison, who had stressed a deBire to talk with him on his next visit to the metropolis. When he arrived at the laboratory, Mr* EdiBon v/as asleep on the oot in the library. 1 had entertained Col. Bailey for about three quarters of an hour, when he said he had only a very short time to stay aB he desired to take a certain train for home. As a rule, we never awake Hr. Edison from sleep, but as he wanted to see Col. Bailey, 1 felt it was up to me to do so this time, and I went and tapped him on the shoul¬ der. He awoke at once, smiling, and jumped up and, as us¬ ual, was in stantly himself aid advanced and greeted the vi¬ sitor, Hi s first question, after the greeings were over, was ' Well , Colonel, how did you come out on that experi¬ ment', referring to some suggestions he had made at their last meeting a year before. For a minute Colonel Bailey did not/ reoall what was referred to, but a few v/ords from Mr* Edison. brought it back to his remembrance, and he re¬ ported that the results had justified Mr. Edison's sugges¬ tions.";, Billie Bee says that when they were working at Silver Lqke, 'day and night, and were all tired out, he lias -2- seen Mr. Edison get into a roll-top desk, curl up like a kitten and go to sleep instantly. And he always wakes up good natured and smiling,, and ahvays the live-wide-awake Edison, instantly in full possession of his senses. April 15/09. WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES BY CHARLES T. HUGHES STATEMENT OS’ CHARGES T. HUGHES MADE JUNE 19, 1907. I went to work with Mr. Edison at ilenlo Park, on October 21, 1879. IB was then a very handsome man, 33 years of age with very dark brown hair, muoh lighter in weight than at present, probably about 170 lbs. He was a man of great foroe and of the same dominating personali¬ ty as at present. His practice was to receive the heads of his departments almost every day and lay out their work for them. He waB a very hard worker; he did not have any regular hours; I have known him to spend forty-eight hours at a time at the laboratory without going to the house, whi was only about 1000 feet away, and without taking off his olotheB. His principal plaoe to rest was underthe stairs in the laboratory on some old paper which had been thrown in there merely as rubbish, but ho would go in there to sleep. He sometimes slept an hour or two; it depended on what he was working on. The mf|| worked day and night when they had to. His wife lived at Menlo Park. There were from 60 to 70 men employed. We had a maohine shop, a single story building, about 120 by 5$, and the laboratory was a two-story building about 150 by 50, and there were small buildings around, one little plaoe being used as a lamp factory and containing about six mercury pumps. At that time, the principal work was on the inoandescent lamp. Charles Batohelor was Edison's first assistant and the principal man next to him. John Kra&si was the — \v, , , ■ . ■ . m • ■-■■■■ • ■ foreman in the Machine Shop. Charles Dean was the princi¬ pal meohanic and maohinist, and Pranois R. Upton was the -l- mathematician. Considerable} work was being done on the motograph telephone. Little or nothing was being done on the phonograph or telegraph, but a little work was being done on the autographic telegraph. Eaoh experimenter as distinguished from the machinist had charge of his own particular department. The day X arrived the first pair of incandescent lamps with paper filaments were being exhausted by the meroury pump. Edison had not then begun to ubo bamboo, but bamboo was settled upon after I went to the laboratory. Edison sent a man named Moore to look for fibres of different kinds, and Moore would Bend them back to him and he would try them, and finally, after trying a great many different kinds, it was decided that bamboo was the best. I do not remember Edison sending Professor James Rioilton of Maplewood, N.J. on this work. After the tiro lamps which I first saw, were made, Edison began to make paper lamps in not very large quantities, and it was one of my duties to look up the different kinds of paper. I obtained samples of the commercial paper of different kinds, especially white papers. I finally arranged to have -the Crane Paper Company make up a special paper for him. The first lighting plant at Menlo Park emplir ed four dynamos in multiple, which were constructed at the Laboratory. Great difficulty was experienced in regulating them at first. As soon as Edison found that he had per¬ fected the lamp commercially, ho bagan to prepare for practical demonstration by installing a number of snail dynamos and running oirouits through the village of Menlo Park, and as his idea was to install the first inoandesoent station in New York City End he knew that the system would have to be placed underground, he put his system of con¬ ductors undergr&und at Menlo Park. Of oourse it was a very •2- orudo affair as compared with the system later adopted in New York, hut it answered the purpose very well. I should say this was early in 1880, hut perhaps was as late as the summer era of that year. Sometime after that J.P. Morgan sent a number of Swedish naval offioers out to see Edison's system. He had as a result of a number of weeks' work, a dozen or so of inoandesoent paper lamps and put them in an old show oase, letting them rest on cotton so as hot to he injured and when these lamps were connected in circuit they went out immediately, evidently heoause of the loss of vacuum. Edison asked ine if I had any more of them and I told him that I had, and took the remaining lamps and put some resistance in the oirouit so as not to give them the full voltage arid gradually out off the resistance, so that the lamp b were brought up to a bright red, and when I notic¬ ed the blue flame in the bulb where the carbons join the leading in wires, Edison admitted that it would be a good thing to get those fellows out of the place. It was not so muoh a question of the hourB of burning, as of preserv¬ ing the vaouum for a long time. Scientific men had all beet telling Edison that it was an utter impossibility to retain a vaouum in glass, and I thought that they knew what they were talking about and that Edison did not. Edison tried a lot of different kinds of glass until he finally found what the constitution of the glass should be to offer the greatest resistance to the entranoe of air. Edison did not at seem to bo all disoouraged at this failure. I told him when he came baok that it was too bad and that it was mighty discouraging, but he said it was nothing and that he knew just what was the matter. As I recall it, he told me that the plaoe that the air oame in was at the joint where the lamp was sealed off at the top, and I think that -3- the way he got around it was to put an ext ra seal or seal an extra piece of glass ovor the top that tob likely to oraok. This wub done right away . There was no trouble with the ex&i'iition of the lamps, hut the trouble developed only when the lamps were kept for a long time out of use. in 1879 the paper lamp had been perfected, and he was sat¬ isfied that it was a commercial article. My work ft first was with the motograph. The chalks were very irregular and we had a lot of trouble and Edison always use to say that anything, no matter how useful it might be, v/ould never be successful commercially, unless it was of suoh a character that a fool could operate it. One of the diff¬ iculties with this was keeping the chalk Bpool damp, and as the percentage of moisture ohanged, the efficiency of the telephone varied with it, so as to give a great deal of trouble. When the spool was kept very wet , it did not work well, but if kept $ust right it worked first-class. I made hundreds of experiments and tried all kinds of materia s and all kinds of solutions. Another difficulty was the ohalk spool had to revolve while you were receiving a mess¬ age and if it did not there was nothing but a jumble of noiseB. The first thing we did was to have a little ar¬ range® nt of putting your finger in for revolving the ohalk spool and then we had olook work to revolve it, but then we found in actual practice that people would not only forget to wind the olook, but would aotuall fail to push the button to revolve the motor, and the result was|that the telephone was not effective at all. I experimented on this work about a year and stopped beoause it was pretty well determined by Edison that it would never be a success. It was a very loud talking instrument, louder than the present phonograph, and although no horn was used, there was no trouble at all in hearing 100 feet away from the receiver. -4- During this time experiments on the electric lamp were still going on. Commercial arrangements were made to take up the lamp about 1880, Capitalists from New York, including J. P. Morgan and his fr&inds went down to Menlo Park to see the exhibit and agreed to put it in. I knew of the install¬ ation of the first plant at Pearl Street, but had nothing to do vrith it. The apparatus for that plant was built at Goerok Street. In the latter part of the year 1880, I took up the development of the electric railway. Before I went with Edison I had been a railroad man and when I first heard of the scheme I became very much interested and enthusiastic about it. One of my own books relating to this work is attached hereto. T$j| roads were built, the first road was about i mile long and ran from the shop at Menlo Park down the hill and around a ourve forming the letter U. It was a single track road with rather light rails - - seoond-hand street oar rails. The current was supplied through the rails so that all of them had to be insulated from the tires. We used for this purpose tar, asphalt, canvasB paper and tilings of that sort. I should say the first road was built in the summer of 1880 and was operated early in the year 1881. The motor was capable of dev¬ eloping from 20 to 25 H.P, and the ourrent was supplied fron the lighting plant. On this road we were able to get aB high as forty miles an hour. The YirBt road was not con¬ sidered a good demonstration and we deoided to build ano¬ ther one about throe miles long. It ran from the point where the original road ended (the latter being torn up) and extended through the town in almost a direct line to a plaoe oalled - dark Lane . At the beginning of the road we built a Bmall house for the lonomotive . The road waB -5- the standard 4' 8&" gauge. The looomotive shovm in the pioture is the seoond locomotive, used with the second road and whioh was huilt In 1881 or 1882. Por the first road, the locomotive was an ordinary flat dump oar about 6 ft. long and 6 ft. wide, with an dyamo at one side and bolted to the axle. Por the seoond road we at one or two trailers and a passenger oar, and also a freight oar. We carried a lot of passengers on the second road, and sometimes ran all day long. Edison took a very great interest in this work and frequently road hack and forth over the line and sometimes operated the looomotive himself. One day Henry Villard sent down a man named Henderson, who was the ohlef engineer of the Northern Paoifio Railroad Company to look, into the elootrio railroad projeot. Edison and HendefBon and I started out on the looomotive and Edison ran it. Just beyond the engine shed there waB a trestle 60 or 70 feet deep with a considerable down grade and Edison put on all the power when we were going over this trestle, so that we muBt vhave been running at least 40 miles an hour. The engine weighed six tons and we were running on send- hand street oar rails weighing only 16 lbs. to the foot, over and when we got kkiixa the trestle and started down the traok X saw the perspiration ooming out over Henderson's face. As soon as we slowed up a little, Henderson Bald - . and "when we gp; b.ack I will walk if there is going to be any more of that kind of running X won't be in it". Villard was interested in the railroad scheme, because it is one of Edison's pipt' ideas to operate dLeotric railroads in the wheat /regions of the company as feeders for the great transcontinental line. We operated the road for a couple of years and then tore up the traokB, sinoe Mr. Morgan said that he did see anything in It and refused to put up -6- any more money, Edison spent all the money he had after¬ wards to demonstrate itB & asibility, and I remember that when we were still experimenting, Mr. Insull oam to me and asked me to try and get Edison to give it up, beoause he oould not get any more money. Insull at that time was Edison's private secretary. Iffhon the road was torn up, practically the whole force had boen moved to Hew York to construct the first Edison lighting plant, and of course the interest in Menlo Park gradually dwindled until it wbb closed down entirely. I do not think Edison intended to frighten Henderson on the trip I spoke of, but he simply wanted to see what the locomotive would do. However, I noticed that Edison seemed rather pleased when he found th etf Henderson was so scared, did I dm not go to Hew York with Edison, but left him when the electric railroad enterprise was given up. I had to look for a job somewhere and took an agenoy for the Edison Electrio Light Company and tried to organize local oompanies and sell apparatus. I did organize the first underground system outside of Hew York city in the town of Hewburgh. I told Edison I could get $60,000. for a 1600 10 c.p. lamp plant, which was nearer a miraolo than any¬ thing ho had ever|done. I saw more or loss of Edison during the time those difficulties with the ore milling scheme and in fact, bought a good deal of stock in the ore millr ing Company and in the Concentrating Works. He never talked with mo about his troubles, ho is and always has been the most cheerful man under discouragements and diff¬ iculties that I ever saw. In fact, he did not seem to know when he was up against a stone wall, and if it, were not for that particular qualification he would not be where he is today. When those Swedish naval officers oame Sax. -7- with Hr. Morgan and v?o shovrod them the inoandesoent lamp, and the lamps gavo out, I thought that my plaoe would he out In the fields v/lth the hoe and 1 would not have given IS cento for tho entire inoandesoent lamp Bystem. But it did not seem to bother him in the least. Edison has told me na ny times that he never beoame interested in anything tntil difficulties were encountered. He haB always told me that ho never care to do what anybody oould do. Eor a man whosx is so completely wrapped up in his work, he ia wonderfully generous and wonderfully unselfish - - too much so in fact, since people try to impose upon him. He aoeiaed to rarely beoome angered and was more likely to thing beoome angorod at somo trifling than than at a large hkh thing. Regarding the autographlo telephone, quite an extensive experiment was being carried on with it when I entered tho laboratory. I did some work in this line with Hr. Patriok Kenney, who had charge of the experiment. He also built a model of the magnetio iron ore concen- trating apparatus, but he had nothing in the way of crushing or grinding devioes. His idea had been simply to treat black sand containing iron in considerable quantities, which is found in certain parts of the country and which would not require o rushing. I recall the first Mrs. Edison very well. She was a very nice woman, bright and vivacious, beautiful in appearance and charac¬ ter, and was very much devoted to him. There were three ohildron at tho time, Tom, Will, and Marion. This was about the year 1003 and 1804 - Tom and Marion were called Dot and DaBh, but Willie had.no nlok-name. Dot gerew to be a very nice girl - she was about ten years old at this time • -8- I way I happened to meet Edison was that X had been superintendent of a Telephone Company in Albany and a friend of mino who was one of the principal owners of that concern hoard that Edison wanted soraubody to exploit hiB motograph telephone in Chill, and I thought that this might be an opportunity for me, so he gave me a letter of introduction to Edison. His name was H.II. Eldridge. When I oarae with Edison I have been for a number of years a railroad conductor, and hadpiekod up quite a number of stories during my experiences, but I found that Edison was tfust as full of stories and we use to frequently exchange experiences with one another. He had a better memory than any man I had ever seen and if he heard any¬ thing he never forgot it. Ho matter how busy he was he never seemed at loss for an appropriate anecdote. At that time Edison smoked a good deal and very seldom drank anything. He was not a teetoatler, but chewed tobacco. He seened to spend very little time at his mealB, ate very Jit tie and very rapidly. About two or three years ago I came in the laboratory and it seemed to be one of the days that he did not have very much work to do, and after we had talked for an hour or more, he suddenly said: "By George, X have forgotten my lunch" . The lunoh had evidently been waiting for him for a long time, because the sandwiches were so dried up that they curled over at the edges. At Menlo Park, he bad his lunch at the labora¬ tory; sometimes he would eat with Batchelor or some of the other heads of the departments, and lunoh would be sent down from the house. Tliero was a time during the inoand- eeoent lamp experiments that they served Bupper at mid¬ night and he ate with the other men who happened to be dflking night work. Edison worked sometimes all night, and •9- frequently we would, lose him and find him under the stairs asleep on the pilo of newspapers. Almost always during the experimenting on the incandescent lamp, Edison work¬ ed until two or three o'clock in the morning. There were two or three hoarding houses near the laboratory at Menlo Park, hut most of the men lived at Newark Rahway, and Elisabeth, Batchelor was also a very hard working man and contribute d much to the suoooos of the inoandesoen- lamp. I think he was an watchmaker originally, and a very fine mechanic with plenty of horse sense, and seemed never to tire or weaken. I recall that at one time Edison got some Italian hemp, which ms very fine, a great deal finer than vhuian hair, and filamonts thereof were oarbon- ised and put into the platinum clamp ready to be inserted in the lamp. Batchelor was carrying two or threo of theBS hemp filaments in ab ox from the laboratory aoross the yard to the room whore the lamps should be oxhauuted, and although he had worked two or throe hours to got them ready, owing to their fineness and delicacy, when, he got to the room, he found that they were lost, apparently hav¬ ing blown awsy. Without saying a word, he started back and made up some more. It was this faoulty that made him so helpful to Edison. But what I have seen of Edison it has always seemed to me that the secret of his oucoeas was based ;upbh hiB good health, his physical strength oombined; uril^h the faoulty of enormous energy and does not know vdiat inonotonty means. He gave mo the idea onoe of his own impreBBion of his success. Tho first Mrs. Edison asked me one morning when I bkk was going into the City to got them a box at the Charity Ball, and Mtb. Dr. Gurnsey being Prssldait of . the affair, I saw her and told her what I want.jsjdf- I said: that Mr. Edison had oome in on the same -10- train with me that morning and I did not' -thing ho was 7 going home again and ho had a brown check suit of clothes on but I cou3d not toll vhethor he had a neck tie or not. Just as we got to that point, Dr, Gurnsey came in and his wife, said to him - "Dr. will we let Mr. Edison oome to our- hall with a brown check suit of olothes on tonight?". Dr. Gursney, with a good deal of said: "That man's god-like genius will take him any¬ where". I was telling Edison later what Dr. Gursney Bald, and with a good deal of disgust, said: "God-like nothing", "sticking to it 1b the genius". And he certainly knows how to do that . Heganling the storage battery, I have had an Edison battery in my oar for about four years and have used it for throe years every day, at least three hours, running rain or shine. About foir or five months ago, I notioed tho voltage did not seem to keep up and I took it to the - factory to have it looked over and it was found that about three of the oells vrero a little out in some way, and these wore fixed up. We that exception, the battery is exactly as good today as when I put it in. I have not given the battery any attention myself and have depended entirely upon a comparatively ignorant colored man, who has had entire charge of it. I have had absolutely no trouble whatever with tho battery, for about eight months I was under the impression that the battery had to be filled with distilled v/ater every three weeks until I later learned that this ought to be done onoe a week, but even tills neglect seemed to make no impression on the results. With my aa chine I- can make about 12 miles an hour, and, I have frequently been out four hours and running all the time, , Withoit doubt, 1 oan make fifty miles easi^ on a level today. WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES BY SAMUEL INSULL Chicago, Feb. 10, 1909. T. C. Martin, Esq,., Care Electrical World, 239 West 39th St., New York City. Dear Mr. Martin: I have your favor of the 8th. I send you enclosed herewith shorthand writer!# notes of what I dictated in answer to your questions. I have not had an opportunity to read this statement’, so X send it to you subject to correction later on. The only subject:, . which I have not dealt with is the question of the consolidation of the Thomson* Houston and the Edison General Electric Companies. I do not know whether or not I want to dictate a memorandum on this subject. There are many reasons why I should like to put my narrative of the negotai- tions on paper; on the other hand there are many reasons why I should not, as in dealing with the facts, I might hurt the feel¬ ings of some people still active in the electric manufacturing business. As to whether I shall dictate anything on this subject, I will decide after having seen you next week. I am rather expecting to stay at Delmonico's, Fifth Avenue and 44th Street this trip, and in all probability I shall reach New York on Tuesday. If I get an opportunity, I shall telephone you and try and make an engagement with you. In sending you the enclosed memorandum, I want it understood (T C M) that this memorandum is ray property, hut you are welcome to make use of anything in it in connection with the biography of Edison which you are now engaged on. The reason I mention this is, I that it is the first time I ever dictated anything with reference to my relations with Edison's business, and it may be that some time j or another I may want to use the enclosed in connection with j something that I might want to publish myself. j Yours truly [ENCLOSURE] \%iAu.££4 Plcd&i - *^e^, ^ef°y 1. Do you recall any details of Edison when you first met him? 2. Do you recall anything about the impression he made on you? 3. A personal sketch of him at that time, brief, would be interesting - I mean how he looked and spoke, his method of work . I can best answer the three above questions As one. 1 first mat Edison on Uaroh 1st, 1881. I arrived in Hew York on the S.S. "City of Chester". I landed, I should judge, about five or six o'clock in the evening, I went direct to 65 Fifth Avenue. 1 had come over to aot as Edison's private secretary, the position having been obtained through the good offices of Mr. Edward H. Johnson, whom 1 had known in London, and who wrote to Mr. U.H. Painter of Washington, about me in the fall of 1880. Mr. Painter sent the letter on to lir. Batchelor, who turned it over to Edison. Johnson returned to America late in the fall of 1880 and on the 16th or 17th of January 1881, cabled me to coma to this country. I left Liverpool on the S.S. “City of Chester" on the 17th of February, 1881, and , arrived in Hew York late in the afternoon of the first of March. At the time Johnson cabled for me Edison was still at MSnlo Park but when I arrived in Hew York the offioes of the Edison Eleotrio Light Company had been opened at 65 Fifth Avenue and Edison had' [ENCLOSURE] moved into New York with the idea of as si sting in the exploita- tion of the Edison Electric Light Company business. I was taken hy Johnson direct from the Inman steamship pier to 65 Eifth Avenue and met Edison for the first time. There were three rooms on the ground floor of 65 Eifth Avenue at that time . The front room was used as a kind of reception room, the room immediately behind it was used as the office of the president of the Edison Electric Light Company and Major E.B. Eaton v/as the president. The back room, which was directly back of the front entrance hall, was Edison’s office and it was in this room that I first saw Edison. There v/as very little in the room at the time except a couple of walnut roller top desks, which were very generally used in Ameri-- can offices at that time. Edison received me with great cor¬ diality. I think possibly he was a little disappointed at my being so young a men; I had only just turnedtwenty-one and had a .very boyish appearanoe. The picture off Edison. as I first saw him is as vi|id to me now, although it is within a few days of twenty-eight years since our first meeting, as if it had oc¬ curred yesterday. I had been connected v/ith Edison’ s affairs in England, aB private secretary to his London agent, for about two year b, and. had been taught by Johnson to look upon Edison as the greatest electrical inventor of the day (a view pf Ed i son which, by the bye , has been strengthened as the years have rolled by), and mm owing to this and the faot *hat I felt high¬ ly f latte re d-at the appointment as his private secretary, I was [ENCLOSURE] naturally prepared to accept him as a hero. With my strict English ide^s- as to the class of clothes to he worn hy a promi¬ nent man, there was nothing in Edison’s dress to impress me. He wore a rather seedy black .diagonal Prince Albert coat and waist- coat, wity trousers of a dark material and a white silk handker* chief around his' neok, tied in a careless knot falling over tie stiff bosom of: id; white shirt somewhat the worse for wear/ A large v/ldeawakpi, soft hat, of the then generally used in this country sombxp?ri> pattern. A rough brown overcoat, cut somewhat similar to his Prince Albert ooat, his hair worn quite long and hanging carelessly over his fine forehead. His faoe was at /that time,.; as U is now, clean shaven. He was full in face and figure, although by no means as,stout as he has grown in recent y?p.rs. What struck me above everything else was the wonderful intelligence and magnetism of his expression and the extreme bx^ghtnessof his eyes. He was far more modest than, in my youth¬ ful pictipe I expected to find a man of such distinction. After a phoht conversation Johnson hurried me off to meet his family ajid later on in the evening , probably about eight o'clock, John- oon/ and 1 returned to Edison' soff ice and I found myself launched without further ceremony into Edison's business affairs. Johnson had already explained to me that ho was sailing the next morning, March 3nd;| on the S.S. “Arizona", and that Edison wanted to spend the evening discussing matters in connection with his Euro¬ pean affairs. It was assumed, inasmuch aa I had just arrived from London j that X would be able to give i?0 re or lass inform- [ENCLOSURE] tion on this subject. As Johnson was to sail the next morning at five o'clock, Edison explained to me that it would he neces¬ sary for him to have an understanding of European matters from him, and he, Edison, started out- hy drawing from his desk a check hook and stating how much money he had in the hank and he wanted to know what European telephone securities were most salable, as he wanted to raise the necessary funds to put the incandescent lar® factory, the Electric 'Tube Works, and the nec¬ essary shops to huild dynamos on their feet. The coincidence of my arriving one evening and Johnson leaving the next morning resulted in this, my first evening spent with Edison, being de¬ voted to a discussion of hie financial affairs. All through the interview I was tremendously impressed with Edison's wonderful resourcefulness and grasp and his immediate appreciation of ' any suggestion of consequence hearing on the subject under discussion His appearance was not what you would call "slovenly"} I think it is host expressed hy the word "careless". Ho spoke with very great enthusiasm of the work he had before him, viz., the development of his electric lighting system, and his one idea seemed to he to raise all the money he possibly could , with the object of pouring it into the manufacturing side of the electric lighting business , and I remember Jjiow wonderfully impressed I was with him on this acoount, as I had just come from a oircle of people in London who not only questioned the possibility of the success of Edison's invention, but often, expressed. doubt a'at o who the r - the work he had done could be calls dan 'invention [ENCLOSURE] at all. After discussing affairs with Johnson (who waB receiv¬ ing hi b final instructions from Edison) far into the night and going down to the ateamer to see Johnson aboard , 1 had finished my first night’s business with Edison at somewhere between four and five in the morning, feeling thoroughly imbued with the idea that X had met one of the great mas tor minds of the world . You must, of o our bo t allow for my youthful enthusiasm, but you must also bear in mind Edison’s peculiar gift of magnetism, which has enabled him during his career to attach so many men to him. I fell a viotlm to the spell at the firBt interview. It is a great pleasure to me to recall my feelings of that night feelings which are just as strong today as then. 4. Oan you skotoh the environment, 'Cihioh would help for a picture of early Menlo Park? The next morning, Tuesday, X went with Edison to a conference with Mr. John Boaoh, the ship-builder, and at that conference Edison agreed to take the old Aetna Iron Works, the works where Mr. John Boaoh laid the basis of his fortune, but whioh at that time were not used and which were situated on Goerok Street, west of Grand Street on tbB East side, and in these works were established the first Edison dynamo manufactur¬ ing establishment , known ae the Edison Machine Works. That [ENCLOSURE] Edison. Up to that time I had soon very little of the incandes¬ cent lighting. Johnson had a few lamps in London, lighted from • primary batterieB. In the summer of 1880 Swan had a few series }amps burning in London. VThen I arrived in Hew York there was a small gas engine plant just being started at 65 Fifth Avenue, but I had never seen an eleotric lighting central station system until I had visited Menlo Park. Uy re collection is that I arrived at KSrtloPark and went to Edison1 b house for supper, and when walking from the Menlo Park station to the Edison resi¬ dence, about a block east of the depot,. I saw for the first time a number of, buildings lighted by incandescent lights. After supper we went! up, to Edison's library and office. It was si tu- ated in a brick building on a little higher ground than his resi¬ dence. Upstfiiraj; was hia well equipped technical library, which formed also his office, add from that time on, whenever I was in Menlo Park, my office. The ground office of the brick building was’ occupied by the technical staff attached to Edison's laboratory. * ‘ Back of this laboratory and faoing the building, was a tworpt^ryswooden building in which were situated his chemi¬ cal lab oratory and expe r ime ntal rooms and baok of this wooden building was .another brick building containing ths machine shop : attaohed to the; first laboratory, and also his boiler plant. There wore probably a dozen different buildings, including the ^houses off Edisonj ^Batchelor, Kruesi and Upton,- and a small Ian® factory about onb-third^oi a mile away on the south side of the .Pennsylvania railroad track. -The -houses were all lighted with [ENCLOSURE] incandescent lamps. There were a few motors operating and the current was distributed by means of underground conductors im¬ bedded in asphal turn and surrounded by a wooden box. Tho system employed was naturally the two-wire system, as at that time the three-wire system had not been thought of. The lamps used were partly of the old fibre horse-shoe filament paper carbon lamps and partly bamboo cartoon filament lamps and were of an effioenoy of from 95 to 100 watts. I can never forget the impression that this first view of the electric lighting industry produced upon me. Menlo Park was naturally the Mecca of those who looked upon Edison as the great inventive hero of the time. It must always be lookedupon as the birthplace of the electric light and power industry. At that time it was the only place where could be seen an electric light and power multiple aro distibu- tion system, the operation of which seemed then to ray youthful mind as m ocessful as tho operation of one of the large metro¬ politan systems of today. I can never forget this, my first visit to Menlo Park. I well remember about ten o'clook that night going down to the Menlo Park depot and getting the station agent, who was also the telegraph operator, to send some cables for me to my London friends, announcing that I had seen EdiBori»s incandescent lighting system in aotual operation, that so far as I could tell it was an aooompliohed fact; and I also well remem¬ ber that a few weeks afterwards I received a letter from one of my London friends, who was a “doubting Thomas", upbraiding me for [ENCLOSURE] so soon coming under the spell of the "JFankee inventor". 5. Can you outline your dutiee? That would give some of the routine, such ae it was, at that aotive time. 6. Did Edison dictate answers to correspondence, etc.? Did he marginalize memorandums of documents, etc.? Something about Mb characteristics of this kind. I do not think that I had any understanding with Edison when i first went with him as to my duties. I did whatever he told me to do and looked after all kinds of affairs, from buying his olothes to financing hiu business, I used to open all the correspondence and answer it all, sometimes signing Edison's name with my initial and sometimes signing my own name. If the latter course was pursued and I was addressing a stranger I would sign as Edison's private seoretary. I held afchis power of attorney and signed his checks} it was seldom that Edison signed a letter or check at that time. If ho wanted personally to send a eommmunioation to anybody, if it was one of his close business associates, it would probably bo a pencil memorandum Bigned "Edison". I was a shorthand writer and seldon took down from EdiBon'S dictation, unless it waB on some technical sub¬ ject which I did not understand. I opened all correspondence and would go over it with Edison, m me times making q marginal note in shorthand and sometimes Edison would make his own notes on letters and I would be expected'- to clean up the - oorregp ondence [ENCLOSURE] with Edition' s laoonio notes a guide as to the character of answer to make. It was a very common thing for Edison to write the word "yes" or »no» "E“ and this would he all I would have on whioh to has w my answer. I was naturally a very early riser and as a result of a training in an English business establishment, I kept regular business hours. The first few months i was with Edison he was most flf the time in the office at 63 Eifth Avenue; then there waB a great deal of trouble with the life of the lamps there and he disappeared from the office and spent his time largely at Menlo Par-k and I spent a large portion of my time between 65 Eifth Avonue and the financial distriot (Wall Street) and Menlo park. At another time there was a great deal of trouble with some of the details of construction of dynamos and Edison spent a great deal of time on Ooerok Street, whioh hadbeen very rapidly equipped with the idea Of turning out bi-polar machines’ of the vertical type direct-connected ma- ohines, the first one of which went to the Paris Exposition and the next six being installed in the old Pearl Street sta¬ tion of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Mew York, which was situajtpd on Pearl street just south of Eul ton street on the west ,sidje. of the street. Edison devoted a great deal of hid time to ijfcba engineering work in connection with the laying out of the, first incandescent eleotrio lighting system [ENCLOSURE] in Kew York, in a district bounded by Pulton Btreet on the north, Kassau atreet on the west, Wall street on th-T south and Pearl street or one or two blocks further qafct on the oast. Apparently at that time (this was between the end of 1881 and spring of 1882) the most seriouB work was the manu¬ facture and installation of underground conductors in thiB territory. These conductors were manufactured by the Elec¬ tric Tube Company i which Edison controlled, at a shop at 65 Washington street, which waB run by John Kruesi. You will remember the half round coppers which were used. These were keptin place first of all by a heavy piece of cardboard and later on by a rope and then put in a twenty-foot iron pipe and a combination made of asphaltum and linseed oil was forced into the pipe. I remember as a cojlincidence that the building at 65 Washington street was only twenty feet wide. These lengths of conductors were twenty feet, six inohes long, as the half round coppers extended three inches beyond the drag ends of the twenty foot lengths of pipe, and in hh one of the operations we used to £x have to take the length of tubing out of the window in order to ttith it around. X was elected secret¬ ary of the Blectrio Tube Company and was expected to look after its finances, and it was in this position that my long intimaoy with John Kruesi first started. In those days John Kruesi »s English was a little more broken than it wbb in the years that followed, and I remember at one of my early interviews [ENCLOSURE] with him ho told me at lunch one day that he wished as a favor that I would return all his letters to him, first correcting the English, as his knowledge of business corres¬ pondence was limited, and he would like to have tin hem fit of my corrections of any letters which he might address to me. You ask me whether Edison marginalised documjnts. Ho did this vary extensively. Edison had a wort erful ability in pointing out the weak points of an agreement or a balance shoet, all the while protesting that he was no lawyer or accountant, and his views were expressed in. very few words but in a characteristic and emphatio manner. . ' 7* Do you reoall much of Edison* s affairs — finan¬ cial? My own impression at the time was that he spent all that During 1878-9 l had a good deal to do in Hew York at the Phonograph office, 203 Broadway, and later in Heade street, aB much waiting for the royalties as oaring for the apparatus. The bookkeepiig seemed really to be done in Charlie Cheever»B period ' ■ some of his own statements as to the Hewark 9. Do you recall the fate of any of the earlier inventions? There was the old Phonograph Company, a Carbon Hovelty Company and two or three others. I used the electric pen frequently in 1878-9 but have never learned whoa it dropped out of manufacture * it was useful * [ENCLOSURE] early In those/daya I had little or nothing to do with the phonograph business, it was absolutely dead. Johnson wao the only man who seemed to take any interest in the phonograph. He had one of the old types of machine v/ith tin-foil and used to experiment on it a good -deal. Edison's only apparent interest in the phonograph at this time could probably be summed, up on the remark whioh he made to me one day: "Well, Sammy, they never will try to steal the phono¬ graph*, it is not of any commercial value and therefore no¬ body will ever have the incentive. to try to get it away from me." This remark may seejji odd in these days, when one of the large businesses of the country is that of manufac¬ turing talking machines and the records which are used on them. I had nothing whatever to do v/ith Edison' s affairs at ITev/ark . You must remember that he moved to Menlo Park about the time he started his electric lighting experiments. I never had any thing, to do with the Carbon Hovel ty Company. At the time I oamo to, , this oountry the electric pin was manufactured I think by the ^ stem Electric Company and was UBed a little in Hew York,, I [had seen it used more in London. There waB a duplicating busijness operating in London, by Thomas Butler who was my predecessor as private secretary »;to Col. Gouraud, Edison's representative in London. At a la\ter date Butler gave this up ahd came to America and aoted, as my private seoretaiy. J 'j‘ [ENCLOSURE] I never attempted to systematize Edison’s business life. Edison's whole method of work would upset the system of any business office . He was just as likely to be at work in his laboratory at midnight as midday. He oared not for the hours of the, day or the days of the week. If he was ex¬ hausted he might more, likely be asleep in the middle of the day than in the middle of the night, as most of his best work in the way of inventions was done at night. I used to run his office on as close business methods as my experience admitted, and I would get at him whenever it suited his con¬ venience . Sometimes he would not go over his mail for days at a time, but other times he would go regularly to his off¬ ice in the morning. At other times my engagements used to be with him to go over his. affairs at Menlo Hark at night', if I was occupied on business in New York during the day. In fact, as a matter of convenience I used to more often get at him at night than in the day time, as it left my days free for me to transact his affairs and enabled me probably to a midnight luncheon to get a few minutes of his time to look over his correspondence and get his directions as to what I should do in some particular negotiation or matter of finance. This arrangement might result in my visiting him at Menlo Park or at Goerck Street in in Bergmann' s shop, or whe» ever the necessities of- the moment compelled him to give at¬ tention to experimental work. I think it rather grew to be a habit for him- to transact my business with me' at night time; [ENCLOSURE] If for any particular reason he was spending his time regular¬ ly at the of floe at 65 Eifth avenue during the day he made a practice, and consequently so did I, of spending the evening there as well. TSIhile it was a matter of suiting Edison’s convenience as to when I should transact business with him, it also suited my own ideas , aslt enabled me after getting through with my business with him to enjoy the privileges of watchigg him at his work and to learn something about the technical side of the business. VThatevor knowledge 1 may have of the electric light and power industry, I feel 1 owe it to the tuition of. Edison. He was about the most willing tutor, and I am afraid 1 must confess that he had to be a very patient one. To go back to your eighth question: I never tried to systematize Edison’s business life, it would have been im¬ possible, but I tried as far as I could to oggfc systematize his business . 10. Can you summarize a few reminiscences of work on the incandescent lanp?" At the time I came to this country, March 1881, the incandescent lamp took from 95 to 100 watts. Edison had just begun to receive bamboo from Japan. At that time he was hunting for some other material. It was some years later [ENCLOSURE] Edison was intent on finding a vegetable fibre.- He wanted something that would make up a higher resistance filament, than the bamboo which he was able to get. He sent M.E.- Moore back to Japan to see if he oould got a higher grade of baniboo - that is, finer fibre- something which when carbonised would have a hfeher resistance . He sent Erank McGovern to hunt through South America for some -kind of vegetable fibre, and Edison ransacked the vegetable, kingdom of the world to get something that would out down the current consumption. I do not remember the date when we got to seven tenths of an ampere consumption in the 16- candle -power Ian®. I think we dropped from .94 to about .8 and then to .7, and it was years afterwards that the fifty v/att lamp came out. You will have to get this kind of information from the lan$p people. I probably will refer again to the incandescent lamp subject in my reference to the Edison hamp Works. 11. Do you recall much of the early el ectrio railway- work? There is a tradition of your driving the old locomo¬ tive up to such a high speed that it jumped the track. (Belov/ is a copy of letter from T.C. Martin to Samuel Insull of Hovembor 30, 1908) . "With regard to our recont correspondence and the list I sent you of questions touching upon question number 11 , but hot olearly brought out there , 1 have been making some .inquiries lately as to what became of the old Electric Hailway- Company of America, and there seems to be a good deal of vagueness and in- definiteness about the whole affair, I fancy you must have known a good, deal about this as Mr. Edison* s representative, l : [ENCLOSURE] and oan, perhaps,iusay whether my deduction is right, viz., that it must have passed into the hands, in one way or another, of the General Electric Company. It looked at one time aB though this might he a large and formidable concern, but I can discover absolutely no trace of itB aotual passing out of existence, I had a memorandum with regard to the subject but overlooked it in preparing the series if questions for you," When I arrived from England Edison hqd an electric railway in operation in Menlo Park, or rather, he had opera¬ ted it in the summer of 1880. I arrived on the firBt of March 1881 and visited Menlo Park on the second of March, 1881. It must have been the follov/ing Sunday that I spent at EdiBon's house at Menlo Park and received my introduction to the elec¬ tric railway. Hothing was running. The electric locomotive was 4n a small wooden building . The tradition about my driving the old locomotive up to such high speed that it jumped the track is untrue. Edison had one piece of traok running on the level back of his laboratory and then he had another piece of traok running dov/n into a gulley or ravine, and, boy-like, I was playing on a handcar just at the head of the ravine and the handcar got beyond my oontrol and dashed to the bottom, and was later on turned over to the junk man. That is the basis of the tradition that I drove the old locomotive at such high speed that it jumped the traok. The fact is that the handoay jumped the track, the old locomotive was standing Btill in its shed and was not turning a wheel . [ENCLOSURE] With relation to the questions ashed in your letter of the 20th of November, Major Eaton can tell you all about the Eleotrio Railway Company of America. The company waa partly owned by the Edison Electric Light .Company and partly by Thomas A. Edison and partly by Stephen D. Eield. It lan¬ guished. The Edison Electric Light people' did not believe in the electric railway and did not want to spend any money on it. Edison was very anxiouB to go ahead with hiB elec¬ tric railway experimenting, and, probably in 1882, he got Mr. Henry Villard to put up the necessary! money for ex¬ periments. I think Mr. Villard put up somewhere between $15,000 and $20,000. Edison turned the experimental work . ovor to Charles T. Hughes. The locomotive which Charles T. Hughes built is, I believe, owned by the Pratt Institute of Brooklyn. The Association of Edison Illuminating Companies borrowed it for the St. Louis Exposition. | There are a few photographs of the old original electric locomotive still around. One, I remember, shows Charle s Batchelor , Brands ffiehl and wife, John Kruesi on it, and sevohal others. - This locomotive was broken up, so far as my recollection serves me, although as to this I am not absolutely sure . Edison probably knows. \". The. experiments whioh Charles ;T,i\ Hughes had. charge of and for which Villard paid, were run by Edison personally and the money Villard advaneed was as a personal loan to Edison and was intimately paid back to Villard by Edison. Later on . ' -17 - •. ^ ‘ [ENCLOSURE] Stephen D. Eield’s interest in the Electrio Railway Company of America i^fas bought, I believe, by the Edison Eleotrio Company, arid if my memory serves me rightly, the Edison Electric light Company went out of existence at the time the Edison \Goneral Electric Company was formed. I think Edison’s advances for railway experiments (which should have been snub* jpaid by the Electric Railway Company of America) were reimbursed to him by the Edison Electrio Light Company sometime prior to the for^tiap of the Edison General Elec¬ tric Company. Kajor Eaton knows a good deal about this • nY. about the various shops in New York conditions avnue “ reminiscences of places, men'and A iM3* 5? y°u reoaH “uch about the romoval to Orange and the;, creation of the new laboratory? .■ entW,1;4T • JSS1?*.11*0 something of the creation of SohPn- eotady. I told tho teohnioal story for you in the paper' “a^.yf?ar°\ae°» hut what 1 mean are the general insidb “d \£aote_ lt meaMt considerable investment and was a long way from Orange, ~ d5.; Vould like something as to starting the old Hairi son Lamp Dorics, and why ^Harrioon”? 1, think this is probably a good place to give you a general Idea of tho various companies formed for the manu¬ facture of the apparatus used in the developing of the [ENCLOSURE] Edison electric lighting system and also of the various business organisations in connection with the development of the business. You should bear in mind that the Edison Electric Light Company was formed for the purpose of supply¬ ing Edison with funds for carrying on his experiments in connection with the development of an electric lighting system. His first groat work was the invention of the high resistance, incandescent lamp. At the same time that he was at work at work there were others/on incandescent lamps: Swan in England and Esxnham in this country. But they wore all working on the idea that what was necessary was a low resistance lamp and these lamps should be run in series. Edison mem very early came to the conclusion that a series system was no system at all, that the proper thing to do was to develop a multiple arc system and he soon found that in order to run a multiple arc system successfully he would have to have a high resistance lamp. You will recall that his patent on the Ian® is for a flexible filament of oarbon of high resistance enolosed in a hermetically sealed glass globe from which the air has been exhausted. His early patents and feeders arid distribution system show ■tfrhat a : far-seeing engineering genius he is; and as you well know it is ianposBible to operate any commercial system except a series aro system without following the broad engineering ideas contained in Edison's early system patents# Edison [ENCLOSURE] was an enthusiast on the proposition. The gentleman who formed the Edison Electric light Company, viz., Grosvenor P. Lowry of the firm of Porter, Eowry, Soren & Stone, was an enthusiast and his enthusiasm waB shared hy the early directors of the Edison Elootrio Eight Company. As a result it was perfectly natural that as Edison's scheme fif electric lighting system developed to a success the Edison Electrio Eight Company considered that they had the most valuable patent rights ever granted; and if you can get access to the early minute hooks of the Edison Electric Eight Company you will find on their records a resolution, which I beliete was proposed hy Mr.. Traoy Edson, one of their di¬ rectors, to the effoot that it was impolitic for the oompany to jeopardize its valuable pitent rights by entering upon the manufacturing side ‘of the business. This happened be¬ fore I came to Amerioa. In the early days Edison had the idea that in addition to the protection of patents the manu¬ facture of the lamp would probably be further protected by trado secrets, and he, with the oordial Bupport of the board of the Edison Electric Eight Oompany (who did not, as above stated, want to go into the manufacturing business anyway), worked out a scheme to form a oompany to manufac¬ ture lamps. This oompany was called the Edison Eamp Company. I think it was probably late in the autumn of 1880 that this oompany was formed. I remember Johnson writing [ENCLOSURE] me about it from Menlo Park after he had closed his rela¬ tions with the telephone business in London, ond it was in August,. 1880, that Johnson left England . That is how X fix the date of the formation- of the Edison Lamp Company- late in the autumn of- 1880. Edison's sohome was to form a company of one hundred shares, each share being $3500., and as I recall it, no stock being transferable except on the personal permission of Thomas A. Edison. Edison had a con¬ trolling interest, Batchelor had a ten per cont interest} X think Upton had ten per cent and I think Johnson had five per cent. This company had a shop at Menlo Park on the south side of the Pennsylvania railroad track, probably a quarter or one third of a mile east of the Menlo Park depot. The factory: was later abandoned for the Harrison factory, to which. I will refer elsewhere. Before lamps were made on a commercial basis the entire capital of the lamp company was wiped out, but ultimately restored from the profits of the business, and on account £ the excessive prices charged gained a great reputation later on as a money making in¬ stitution. Prior to my coming to America, in March 1881, another company; had been formed with a oapltal of $25,000, which company was to manufacture underground conductors? known as electric tube. The company was called the Electric Tube Company. Edison wan president, John ICTue si was trea¬ surer and general manager and soon after my arrival in this country I - was made the secretary. X believe I ultimately [ENCLOSURE] beoame secretary and treasurer, but I am not quite sure as to this. This company was owned one fifth by Edison, one-fifth by Kruesi, one fifth by Batchelor and the other .two fifths 3a were owned by E.P. Pabbri and Hr. J. Hood Weight, who were partners of Hr. J.p. Morgan in the firm of Drexel , Morgan & Company. My recolleotion is that sub¬ sequently Edison bought out Mr, Babbri's interest. On March 2nd, the morning after I arrived in this country, / . B*ison, as ;1 have already stated, took a lease of the Goerok j Stfeo) wo^s and there was established the Edison Maohine I WoricB* The original money for this purpose was supplied 1 ninety per cent by Edison and ten per oent by Batchelor. Edison had hoped to have associated with him in thiB matter 4“® of his Wall street friends, notably those connected Ai.th. t^6 firm of Drexel, Morgan & Coup any, and possibly Mr. / Henry yiliardj but Mr. Edison, fortunately for himself and , unfortunately for his friends, visited Wall street to get y/: 'them , .interested in his machine workB at a time when fihan- j[' j ^ial affairs' were a little unsettled, and growing impatient ' / at hi6 finwoial friends for delaying a deoision on the //' : /mattori;ho Voided to finance the Edison Maohine Works himself i This part of my story is from hearsay, as no in- terview with relation to interesting other parties in the Edison Machine Works took place after I oame to thiB. country. The »>om™ Wo,*. pr.yiaia .to- ty peiv cent by/featohelor. The concern did an extremely good [ENCLOSURE] business for the first year or two of its existence and then languished for some time. Its subsequent development I will refer to later on. At the time the Edison Machine Works was formed Siegmund Bergmann was carrying on an elec¬ trical manufacturing business, making telephonic and tele¬ graphic instruments and doing some experimental work in eleo- tric lighting sundries, such as switches, Buckets, etc. His shop was on Wooster street. His only partner, so far as I know, at that time, was Edward H. Johnson. In 1881 Mr. Bergmann oonoeived the idea of purohasing the factory at the northwest oorner of Avenue B and 17th street and asked Mr. Edison to join him in partnership. The assets of Bergmann /& Company were valued and Edison put into the business an amount 'equal to one-half of the then value of the assets and ' the c&npany was put into a corporation, Edison owning one third of the stock, Bergmann one third and Johnson one third} and Bergmann & Company, partly with the inventive skill of BmigHMauiDF Edison, partly that of Johnson and partly that of Bergmann, developed all the miscellaneous articles required in connection with house wiring, such as sockets, insulating joints, switches, and they also made most of the electrioal instruments used in central station switchboard work. I be¬ lieve, hbweyer, that a few of the instruments were -made by the Edison .lamp Company. You will see from the above that the Edison Eleotrio Bight Company Owned the Edison patents for lighti and power, the Edison Lamp Company manufactured [ENCLOSURE] [Page 24 is missing from the typescript at the Edison National Historic Site. This page is a photocopy of a variant typescript from Loyola University Chicago Archives: Samuel Insull Papers. It is reproduced with their permission.] Edison Lamp (Jonpany manufactured ' the- 1 asps - and -.the • Edison Machine Works the heavy., machinery, . suqh. as :aynanoa-:/and*a.;7*’riv no tore, -and- Electric Tube .'Company'] the 'underground, bon* ’ duo tors and Bergaann'fe (Jonpany the miscellaneous household supplies.' She next step was the formation- of the Edison Eloctrio Illuminating, Company of. IJew York. • . The money .sub¬ scribed to the. capital of this company 7/as subscribed by the stockholders of the Edison Electric Eight Company,-: of which lrr. Edispn was tho largest individual stockholder. This com- -r-p'any r/ent actively to work:'to Installa-central station.- ays- v- tem, ae I have mentioned eloev/hore, in the lower portion Of the City of ire v/ York, and I think you v/ill find that -the capital wa3 one million dollars; thirty-five per cent of this to the Edison Electric .Eight Company for its patent rights • and licensee agreement and^the balance was subscribed for at par by the stockholders of . the Edison Electric Eight Company,' as stated above. • .. .. : ’ •'■ ■. • • . \ The enormous labor of working out a practical appli- : cation pf Edison’s distribution system to moet: the business conditions existing in a business of which absolutely, no'th- 3 ing was known at the time, which required a development of all of-, the apparatus used, from the steam engine , to. the"-- > lamp , is almost T/ithout parallel, and I think that the pay¬ ment of dividends on the original capital of the Edison - Electric Illuminating Company of Hew York 1b as large a monu¬ ment to. Sir. Edison’ s genius • as ariy irork ho .haB done-T. -^I’k'”'.':^- [ENCLOSURE] consider that he and his associates in the manufacturing companies above referred to, are entitled to the credit of the success of the first plant of the Hew York Edison com¬ pany. The men who are partly entitled to credit in this con¬ nection are Edison himself, Charles Batchelor, Edward H. Johnson, John Kruesi, Siogmund Bergmonn and Charles L. Clark, who at that time was chief engineer of tin Edison Electric Bight Company, and Eranois R. Upton, in the order that I have named them. Y/hoever else- may claim credit in. connection with this enterprise are of minor consequence in ray judgment; and I want thus formally to state my views on this particular subject at this time, because I consider the second only to iflr. Edison's invention iB the success of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Row York in the early days as one of the prime factors in the devel¬ opment of the electric light and power industry. The next institution formed was the Edison Ooaipany for Isolated Lighting. This company was formed for the- purpose of ex¬ ploiting the sole of isolated plants throughout the United States at. a time when it was difficult to get capital into the central station business and prior to the commercial success of Iht central station bueiners being established. This company was officered by the same people who offioored the Edison Electric Light Company, and the company ultimate¬ ly was absorbed by the Edison Electric Light Company. Later [ENCLOSURE] on, \ whan it was found vary difficult to push the central station business , owing to the lack of confidence in its finanoial success, Edison decided to go into the business of promoting and constructing central station plants and he formed what was known as the Thomas A. Edison Construc¬ tion Department, which ’he put me in charge’ of . The organi¬ zation was crude, the steam engineering talent poor and owing to the impossibility of getting any considerable capital subscribed the plants wore put in as cheaply as possible. I believe that this Thomas A. Edison Construction Department was unkindly named the “Destruction Department". It served its purpose, never made any money and I had the unpleasant job of presiding at its obsequies. But the fact 1b that the oapital that was put into the business under the influ¬ ence of the pioneer work done by the Thomas A. Edison Con¬ struction Department has, like all capital put into the Edison electric light business, proven a remunerative in¬ vestment to anybody who had the patience to await results. The years 1883, 1884, 1885 and 1886 were very lean years for the; Edison Electric Company and also for the manufac¬ turing concerns fathered by Edison*, with the exoeption of the Edison Laic® Company and Bergmann &. Company, the main business at that time was the isolated lighting business. Bergmann & Company made large profits and- so did the Lamp Company. The Elootrio Tube Company did so little business [ENCLOSURE] during the time that the underground central station dis¬ tribution was on trial and awaiting its final success, that one year the total gross business of the company was not ' sufficient to; pay the watchman's salary, and as a result the Electric Tube Company, which had removed from 65 Wash¬ ington street to the shops of Bergmann & Company, absorbed by the Edison Machine Works, and Mr. Kruesi had beoome assistant general manager of the Edison Machine Works and Charles, Batchelor wa3 general manager, it was not until 1888 that the Edison manufacturing business in all its branches became a great success. of the removal of the works to Schenectady. As the business ' of the isolated .lighting developed and the Bmall central station business began to show some life the Edison Machine Works on Gpjerok, Street, together with the Electric Tube Works in Brooklyn, proved inadequate, and various sites were considered ‘foir establishing new shops. The Schenectady Lo¬ comotive 7/oirka had been very successful and wore owned and managed by Ellis Brothers. They had an old superintendent named McQueen, who left thorn and with the assistance of, I think,; tho\ Albany:,_end of the Stanford family, built the Bbcps cn the flats between the Hew York Central trackB and the roar -canal , just outside the city limits of Schenectady. The s^BhopD', were nevor used'. They had' ten acres of land [ENCLOSURE] attached anfi the property was offered to the Edison Machine V/drkB on favorable terms. Partly influenced by the success of the Schenectady locomotive Works in getting cheap labor and partly with the idea of developing a, large industrial establishment where there was elbow room, EdiBon decided to acquire' the shops of the McQueen Lopomotlve Works. There was the usual delay in closing down the old works and start¬ ing the now works. Batchelor was the general manager and Kruesi assistant general manager, and I was secretary and treasurer of the Edison Machine Works, my part of the busi¬ ness being to take care of the finanoes, and when the time came to mpve to Scheneotady, I took quite an aotive part under Edison's instructions, in moving tho plant, and a short time afterwards Mr. Charles Batchelor resigned the general managership and became vice president and X was elect, ed general manager and treasurer. John'Kruosi was assiat- ant general manager and was my principal and dose associ¬ ate and friend and worked- loyally with; me in tho development of the Sohonectady plant. At Mr. Edison's request X moved to Schenectady so as to be more closely in touch with the business . i think when we went there we took 250 men and when the plant was turned over to the-CJeneral Eleotrio Com¬ pany .in 1892, there wore over 6000 men employed. To go haok a few years in the development and to refbr to the incandescent lamp manufacturing, the Edison [ENCLOSURE] lamp Company was the first of the manufacturing companies to have] first class manufacturing quarters. Harrison was picked 'put because of its closes.,;: proximity to Newark, which is a good labor market, and the Harrison works were bought beoause they, were convenient for business and could be ac¬ quired for a reasonable price . These establishments worked closely in. connection with Edison, whose experimental work was removed from Menlo Park to the top floor of Bergmann &, Company's building at 17th street and Avenue B, directly after Bergmann & Company acquired that property. In the mean time Edison1 s first wife had died and he had married again, and he had purchased Glenmont, Llewellyn Park, Orange, as his residence, in wub during the days That I was en¬ gaged in the building of the Scheneotady Works that Edison built his laboratory at Orange. This work he did him¬ self,: Batchelor in the mean time building and equipping the Edison Phonograph Works on property adjoining the labora¬ tory. . Naturally as the electric light business developed the Edison manufacturing companies prospered. The Edison Electric Light Company had pursued the policy of accepting securities in local illuminating companies for their patent rights. . The cash income of the Edison Electric Light Com¬ pany was small and there was more or less Jealousy of the success and influence of the Edison manufacturing OBtab- - - [ENCLOSURE] liBhments. In was sought to grip this influence by subject¬ ing them to licensee agreements, which agreements it was in-* tended, should cover the cost of manufactured artioles to licensees of the Edison Electric Light Company. The situa¬ tion "became an entangled one and on the negotiation of Henry Villard, with the assistance of Siemens & Halske and the Deutsche Bank of Berlin and some other European capitalists and the firm of Drexel, Morgan & Company of Hew York, the Edison Machine \7orks, which included the Electric Tube Company, the Edison Lamp Company and Bergmann & Company, was merged with the Edison" Electric Light Company under the name of the Edison General Electric Company. I think this took place in 1890. You probably have the dates of this consoli¬ dation. Iiy recollection is that the Edison manufacturing establishments got about one half the capital -and the stock¬ holders of the doaen eleotric light companies the other half of the capital with & certain reservation of aapital over each interest, which went to the part'ieB who provided the cash requirements for developing the "business. By this time Charles Batchelor had retired from "business; Hr. Henry Villard was elected president of the Edison General Electric Company ahd ho was assisted in the financial affairs by O'; H. Herrick as vice-president and I was. elected seoorid vice president with charge of the manufacturing and selling de¬ partments. 1 r ' [ENCLOSURE] The story as I have dictated it refers mainly to the people on the manufacturing side of the Edison eloctrio light business. Amongst the principal men on the Edison electric lighting side of the business should be mentioned Mr. Groavenor P. Lowry. Mr. Edison's acquaintance with Lowry come through his relations with the Western Union lel- 0 graph Company; and in the early days, mainly before I came to America, Lowry was probably about the most active man in securing the cooperation of financial people, who gave Edi¬ son support in his electric lighting eaperiments through the agency of the Edison Electric Light Company. I do not Enow who was the first president of the Edison Electric Light Company, but in my time G.B. Eaton was its president. As I recall it, he waB elected sometime in the fall of 1880 or 1881. Eor years as president of the Edison Electric Light Company and as Mr. Edison* b personal counsel,; Major Eaton and his firm, Eaton & Lewis, took a very active part in the business. When I became practically the aotivo head of the Edison General Electric Company-, Major baton's partner, Mr. Eugene II. Lewis, acted asmy . confidential counsol, and much of what 1 was able to accomplish in connection with Placing central station business was owing to. the very able cooperation on the legal side of affairs which I received from Mr. Lewis. Another gentleman who, was active in the bus* •niSB in the early days was Calvin Goddard’, who was sedre'tary,' and, I believe, tyaaai rar of the Edison Electric Light -3i» : ^ . , [ENCLOSURE] Company, the Edison Company for Isolated Lighting, and also of the Edison Eleotrio Illuminating Company of Now York. I believe he died in 1883 or 1884. 16. Anything about distinguished visitors to the two laboratories while you were managing. 19. Any reminiscences of Villard, J.P .Morgan... G'ou3*<i> or Vanderbilt, etc#f in' connection with iiidison. You ask me about distinguished visitors visiting the laboratories while I was managing Hr. Edison's affairs. I used to be so busy that, although I came in contact with everybody who visited him, including President Diaz, Lord Kelvin (then Sir William Ihomson) , Sir William H. Preece, James Gordon Bennett and the Duke of Marlborough, and all kinds of men of prominence or distinction of family from all over the world, I do not know that I call to mind any par¬ ticular reminiscences of any of them. We had a great many prominent visitors and as a result these visits became mere commonplace incidents. Moreover I question whether this side of men or things appealed to me particularly; I was more interested in the development of the business and the success of tho manufacturing establishments;^! diitiesj ninui^a ear¬ lier days of financing thoso establishments ' in their infancy and later on of managing and developing tie large business [ENCLOSURE] at Soheneotady and., a till later on, fehe organization and management of the manufacturing and soiling departments of the Edison General Eleotrio Company, were matters which in¬ terested me more and impressed me more than the meeting with prominent people . So far as Hew York financial people are conoerried, X thinik that if X wore naming those to whom Edison is under the greatest obligation, I should name the house of Drexel, Morgan & Company, or, an it is today, J.P. Morgan & Company. In the early days Edison received the warm personal friendship and assistance of Mr. E.P. Eabbri and iT. Hood Wright, later on Mr. C.P. Coster became the really active man when it come to questions of policy in guiding the affairs of the Edison Electric light Con® any and the. Edison General Eleotrio Company, and at all times Mr. Edison has had the worm regard and, when he desired it, financial cooperation of J P. Morgan. Amongst the finan¬ cial men whose close personal friendship Edison enjoyed, X ; would mention Henry Villard, who, I think, had a higher appreciation of the possiMities of the Edison business than probably any man of his time in Wall Street. Ho dropped out of the business at the time of the consolidation of the Thomson-IIouston with the Edison General Eleotrio Cosipanyj but from, the earliest days of the business, when it waa In ; its experimental period, when the Edison light and power ■ system, was hut; an idea, down to the day of his death Henry [ENCLOSURE] 4 Villard continued a strong supporter of /the business , not only with Mb influence hut also with h^LS money. He was the first capitalist to individually hack Mr. Edison' b experi¬ ment b in electric railways, although prjlor to his advanoing Edison money the Edison Illuminating Company had also spent Bomo of the money in it3 treasury. ; '1 ' S • Memorandum by Samuel Insull' on Chapter Nine, headed "The Telephone,. . Motograph and Hiorophone", copy of whioh was sent him by Mr. T. Oommerford Martin. ■, • i In pages twelve andjthirteen you tell the' story in Mr. Edison's on language of his sale of. the motograph patents to the Wo stern Union Telegraph Company. Mr. Edison sayB the amount was ft 100 ,000. 00. s This ia oorreot, but he.go^s on to say later that it was paid at the rate of $6,000. • a yenr for seventeen (17) years. This I believe is inoorreot. This particular transaction, my rooolleotion is, was paid §10,000.00 a year for ten (10) years, the payments being monthly, §833.33 per month. The ohook. was the Western Union Telegraph C0mpnny's oheok, if my memory serves me ourrectly. The §6,000.00 payment is the one referred to by Mr* Edison , / on page ten. This was the §6,000.00 a year paid for seventeen (17) years, ' by the Amerioan Speaking Telephone Company. , This chook was paid monthly, §500,00 por month, and the ohook oame from the Gold 4 Stock Telegraph Com¬ pany, whioh Company owned the Amerioan Speaking Telephone Company. A ref¬ erence to Mr* Edison's aooounts in his laboratory offioe anytime during the ’ early, eighties would tell you whether my memory is oorreot, or whether Mr* Edison's statement in the Chapter on' the telephone, Motograph and Minro-: phone is oorreot. My reoollootion is that I used to, get the two ohopks \ per month, one for §500.00 from the Gold 4 Stook Telegraph Company and the , other for 8833.33 from the Western Union Telegraph Company* or a total of 81333.553 monthly. As a matter of ouriosity I would like to know whether my memory servos mo oorreotly or not. Referring to the story as told hy Mr. Edison on pages thirteen and fourteen with relation to the motograph telephone reooiver, called tho loud speaking telephone, when I first went into Colonel Couraud's service as his private secretary in January 1879, the story told around the offioo was that when the trouble oaB9 up with referenoo to the possible Bell liti¬ gation on the magneto receiver,- Colonel Uouraud telegraphed Mr. Edison ’ explaining the trouble,' arid oppressing a fear. that an injunction would iesue in favor of the Engling Bell Company. againBt' the use of the magneto receiver. Mr* Edison replied promptly by cable as follows: "I will, invent and ship a new reooiver." Understand, that this oable oorrespon- donoe must have taken plaoo just before Christmas, 1878, and my knowledge of it is herosay as I did not enter Colonel Oouraud"s Servioe until January 1879. On page fourteen 'you quote Mr. Edison as follows: . "I made six of these receivers and sent them in.oharge of an expert on the first steamer". The expert thorn Mr. Edison sent 'was Mr. Oharlos Edison, his ‘ ' nephew. ' It must have boon. in February or. early in Maroh, I879. I went to Euston Station early one morning, before. day light to meet Charlie Edison,-. 3 aa we oallod hin I had n9V0P Boen him but presumed I would ha ablo to find him baoauae of hia olothas and appoaranoo, that ia, I expected that ho would look distinctly Amerioan, and Americana you muat ramambor were not so common in 1879 in Er^land'as they are today. Charles Edison strongly resembled Mr* Thomas. A. Edison, aa shown in a pioture of Mr. Edi¬ son taken in Washington with U. H. Painter and Charles Batoholor with a ' phonograph in the foreground. You probably reoollaot the pioture. Charlie Edison had with him the first motograph reoeiver and his motograph reoeiver was the sal-ration of the Edison Telephone business in England. At that time in London there was a man named James AdamB, whom I remember m mainly for his pioturesque blasphemy. Mr. Edison had sent James Adams over to England some 'time in the later part of 1878 to operate the telephone My. feoollection is that Charles Edison was only in London a few months. He was in more or less bad health and went on the continent, I think, just about the' time .fir. Edward H. Johnson arrived in England, Mr- Edward H. Johnson arrived' there on July 14th, 1879. WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES BY EDWARD H. JOHNSON 435 - 5th Avenue, Hew York, Hov. 21, 08 My dear Martin: . Delany's reminscences are only legendary when he gets bock of his personal experience. My entrance preceded Edison's in the field of auto- telegraphy as the following "true story" will chow. Its interests, of course, turn, solely on the light it throws on The Edinon of that day. Gen. Y.rm. J . Palmer and some Hew York associates had taken up the "Little auto system and had expended quite a sum in its development, when, thinking they had "reduced it to practice, they got "Tom" Scott of the Penn. R.R. to send his Supt. of Telegraph over to look into and report upon it. Of course, he turned it down. The P.R.R. was "It" in those days, and while we dld'nt know it then we now know that the policy of the "It" is always to discourage inno¬ vation. This was the winter of 69-70. The syndicate was appalled at this report, and in this extremity Gen. Palmer thought of the man who had impressed him as "knowing it all" by the telling of Telegraphic Tales as a means of whiling away lonesome hourB on the plains of Colorado where they were associated in Railroad building, and so this man - that's me - was sent for to come to Hew York and assuage the grief by evolving a star of hope in their firmament, if t'were possible. My "report" was that the system was sound fundamental¬ ly! that it contained the germ of a "good thing" but needed working out. Thereupon the query arose, V/ho? Associated with Palmer was one Col. Josiah C. Reiff, then Eastern bond agent for the Kan. Pac . R.R. The Col. was always re¬ sourceful and did'nt fail in this case. He knew of a "young fellow v/ho v/as doing some good work for Marshall leffrets of the Gold & Stock Tel. Co. (the Ticker) and v/ho it v/as said was a genius at invention and a very fiend for work. His name v/as Edison and he liad a shop out at Newark, 1T.J.'" "Yes" quoth I "I've heard of that shop and I'm thinking he's your man". So. Col. Reiff wrote and asked him in. He came and was put in my care for the purpose of Mut¬ ual Exchange of Ideas and a report by me as to his compet¬ ency in the matter. This v/as my introduction to Edison. He confirmed my view of the auto system. He saw its possibilities, as well as the chief obstacles to be overcome, vix: The "sluggishness" cff the wire together with the need of mechanioal betterment of the apparatus employed, and agreed to take the job on upon one condition, viz: that that man Johnson stay and help as "He v/as a man with ideas". En parenthesis contrast this state. of mind with that of the later day Edison of whom Delany so delightfully and truthfully speaks - "had too damned many inventors already". I've heard him many a time indulge in the same sentiment, as for instance when he would say "X don't want ideas, I want work" , and "I've more ideas of my own now than I can ever work out, I don' want to borrow any", etc. etc. Re¬ verting - It was accordingly arranged that Edison should take up the work at onco, and that I should he given a 3 months leave from my Colorado Railroad building - (it was then the Denver & Rio Grande) - and unite with Edison in this v/ork . I never saw Colorado since, but I've seen a lot of Edison.-- another parenthesis -- ITote Delany's confirma¬ tion of my tale about the auto system & Jay Gould. The VMJ, would 'nt have it, but Jay made the Vanderbilt's give him thfs V7.U. for it - at least that's practically what the transaction amounts to. Edison sold his quadruples: to Jay Gould quite inde¬ pendently of the auto transaction and received §40,000 for it. The auto people subsequently made a claim that the quad belonged to them under this agreement with Edison for all inventions "applicable to " automatic telegraphy - this issue became the crux of a legal battle in which many experts were requisitioned. Edison was one - D'Infreville another, and I a humble third. Gen. Ben Butler, Grosvenor P. Lowry & Edward If. Dickerson v/ere some of the Big legal Luminaries engaged. Gould wo n for all practical purposes, since he and his successors have managed to keep, the case - -* -4- ln the courts over since. Edison's auto & quad work was not limned iately succeeded by the electric lighting, but by the carbon telephone and incidentally the "motograph telephone" and the phonograph - then came the Light Sub¬ division - glorious epoch. So much for a review of De2iany. Mow for a few v/ordB of my own. The Centennial exhibit at Philadelphia in 1876, . Sir Wm. Thomson's visit, I remember were bringing the Thousand words - with a few to spare - over the wire from ■Mew York in 57 seconds, and Sir William' s delight at the clearness of the recorded characters. He took the roll as it came from the instrument, and it became a treasured mem¬ ento to his Laboratories at Glasgow. On the occasion of this visit, Bell's telephone was also inspected and I recall the very great reluctance shown by Sir Win. to admitting that he heard an articulated word - Watson, Bell's Asst, urged the savant to "listen carefully" and after many effortB the concession was finally made. "Yes, I think I heard it all right . " Mow, as to the Phonograph exhibits i n Mew York. I am very hazy. There we rc many of them. Hilbourne Roose¬ velt, Charlie Cheever, Gardiner G. Hubbard, W.H. Painter, a man by the name of Bradley from Rhode Island and myself were the original Phonograph Syndicate or corporation, and I had charge of exhibits. I made maay, and I have an indistinct recollection of the telephone connection v/ith -5- Rooaevelt's organ factory, the organ recital, etc,, hut I shall have to talk these things over with some one who can recall them before I can contribute much in that line . The Phonograph exhibit you speak of was at 14th Street & Pifth Avenue . I am not sure whether it was the first or not. The man "Yates", Edison speakB of was "Yost" and the "type setting" machine was the original "Typewriter" if I am not mistaken, and the association was with the auto telegraph and not with the phono. At least I have no rec¬ ollection of a type setting machine, while I have a clear recollection of the "original Jacobs" of the modern type¬ writer. It was an immense wooden affair and was being de¬ veloped as a means for quickly translating the telegraphic characters from the chemical strip to type printed sheets. But this may not be what is in Edison's mind. It is an in¬ teresting point, however. Delany and Edison will both re¬ call it. If you will submit material to me I will review it as I have delany's and may in that wa.y contribute not a little, while incapable of original recollection of value. Yours truly, (Sd.) E.H. Johnson. Col. J.C. Reiff is still living and has a memory like an engraved stone. I've no doubt he and I could evolve much. I'll have a talk with him. -6- P.S. I can give you the true origin of the phonograph if Edison does not object. Its interesting hut there's a foolish notion I think in the Old Man's mind that it in some way detracts from the honour and credit due him. As a matter of fact it does'nt in the least, and it is a heap more interesting than the cooked up tales that Tom, Dick and Harry have invented. 0^. I' Yu Uo\ XvwX tt/i . am tVmWoO TM Wc( WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES BY WALTER S. MALLORY EDI SON PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY P,.0. Adress, Stewartsville , N.J. , June 8, 1908. Mr. T.C. Martin, 239 V/eBt 39th Street, New York, N.Y. Dear Mr. Martin:-' I heg heimith to enclose four addi¬ tional stories, per rajs recent promise. Have you among the stories already submitted to you any mention of the arrangement between Mr. Edison and the Edison Lamp Works, covering the cigars which they voted to give him and which were given him for a number of years. There are so many people who know this story that the chances are you hare already received it. If not , I will be glad to send it to you. With kindest regards , I am, Yours very truly, (Sd.I W.S. Mallory. [ATTACHMENT! The problem of concentrating low grade iron ore was started at the time iron ore was selling at about $6.50 per ton. Before the plant was in shape to attempt to run commercially, the large deposits of stecuji shovel iron ore at JtafciMesaba were discovered and opened up, and when the plant was put in commercial operation, iron ore was selling for about $3.50 to $3.75 per ton, and it was found there was strong probability that with such a low market price the scheme could not be worked out to a com¬ mercial, success. Mr. Edison then turned his attention to utilizing the experience and knowledge he had gained in the work on the iron ore proposition, and applied it to the manufacture of Portland Cement, and designed and built the large works now located at New Village, N.J. , which have a capacity of over 8000 barrels per day. The funds for the iron ore concentrating problem were largely furnished by Mr. Edison, and over two mil¬ lion dollars was spent in the attempt to solve the iron ore problem. During the boom times of 1902, when General Electric sold at its high-water mark of about $33o, Mr. Edison and the writer were on their way from the cement plant at New Village to his home at Orange, N.J. When we arrived at Dover, N.J., we got a New York paper and the writer called Mr. Edison's attention to quotation on General Electric of that day. Mr. Edison said, "If I hadn't sold any of my General Electric, what would it be worth fioday?" and the writer after doing some figuring [ATTACHMENT] replied, "Over four million dollars". When Mr. Edison is seriousLy thinking of a problem, he is in the habit of pulling his right eyebrow, Which he did for 15 or 20 seconds, then his face lighted up and he said, "Well, it is all gone, but we had a hell-of-a-good-time spending it". [ATTACHMENT! - STORAGE BATTERY WORK - When Mr. Edison first started actively on the work out of which resulted the present storage Battery, he said to the writer that he had only one determination, and that was absolutely not to work with lead and sul¬ phuric acid, but that he had the feeling that what he wanted to accomplish ought to be found in a combination of nickel and iron. His method of working was as fol¬ lows : In one of the chemical laboratories he had eight or ten chemists and experimenters, and in the rear room in this building Mr. Edison had a bench which was about three feet wide and twelve to fifteen feet long, on which he had hundreds of little test cells, the material in which had been made up by the chemists and experimen¬ ters under his directions. During the period cf this work and for over a year Mr. Edison's schedule of work was as follows: He would reach the Laboratory between 7:30 and 8:00 A.M. , his lunch would be sent to him from his home at noon, then at half past six the carriage would come for him and he would be driven to his feome for dinner, then by eight o'clock he would return and the carriage would come for him at midnight and would fre¬ quently be one, two or three o'clock before he would go home, and on very many occasions the carriage, after waiting until three o'clock, would be sent home and what little sleep Mr. Edison would get would be obtained at -1- [ATTACHMENT] the Laboratory. This schedule went on six days a week, and for very many weeks seven days. The larger part of the time Mr. Edison would be seated before the table already mentioned, testing, figuring, planning, getting practically little or no exercise, and for weeks and months apparently not getting any results from the materials with which he was testing. After the experiments had gone over 9,000, the writer allowed his sympathy to get the better of his judgment, and said to Mr. Edison: "isn't it a shame that v/ith the tremendous amount of work you have done, that you have-not been able to get any results", and Mr. Edison looked up and smiled, saying: "Results? Why, I have gotten a lot of results. I know several thousand things that won't work." [ATTACHMENT] - AUTOMOBILE REPAIRS - About two years ago the writer had a motor oar of a make of which Mr. Edison had already had two carB, and when the oar was received he made inquiry as to whether any repair parts were carried by any of the various garages in Easton, Pa. , and learned that this particular car was the only one of its kind in Easton. Knowing that Mr. Edison had had an experi¬ ence lasting two or three years with this particular make of car, the writer determined to ask him for infor¬ mation relative to repair parts, so the next time I was at the Laboratory, I told him I was unable to get any repair parts in Easton and that I wished to order some of the most necessary, so in case of breakdowns, I could not be compelled to lose the jtse of the car for several days until repair parts could be had from the factory, and asked his advice as to what I should order, to which he replied: "I don't think ±i will be necessary to order an extra top”. [ATTACHMENT! - A GAME OP BILLIARDS - Along in the latter part of the '90s, when the work of the problem of concentrating iron ore was in pro¬ gress, it became necessary when leaving the concentrating plant at Edison, N.J., to wait over at Lake Ilopatcong one hour for a connecting train. During some of- these waits Mr. Edison had seen the writer plsy billiards. At the particular time in which this incident happened, Mrs. Edison and her family were away for the summer and the writer was’ stopping at Mr. Edison's home. One hot Saturday night, after Mr. Edison had looked over the evening papers, he said to the writer, "Do you v/ant to play a game of billiards?'1 Naturally this aston¬ ished me very much, as Mr. Edison is a man who cares little or nothing for the ordinary games, with the single exception of parches! , of v/hi ch he 1 s quite fond. I naturally sdid "Y'es, I would like to play", so we went into the billiard room of his home and the writer took off the cloth, got out the balls, picked out a cue for Mr. Edison and when we banked for the first shot the v/riter won and started the game. After making two or three points he missed-,- and a long carum shot was left for Mr. Edison, the cue ball and object ball being with¬ in about twelve inches of each other and the other ball a distance of nearly the length of the table. Mr. Edi¬ son attempted to make the shot but missed it and said; "Put the balls back", so I put them back in the same -1- [ATTACHMENT] -2- position and he missed it the second time, and I con¬ tinued, at his request, to put the halls hack in the same position for the next fifteen minutes, until he could make the shot every time, then he said: "X don't want to play any more". I like to tell this story, as it illustrates the ever-present determination to conquer whatever he undertakes. [ATTACHMENT] - AN ELABORATE LUNCH - Some years ago, we had on a business negotiation in New York, which made it necessary for Mr. Edison and the writer to visit New York five or six times within a comjpartively short period. It was ouroustom to leave Orange about 11:00 A.M. , and on arrival at New York to get our lunch before keeping the appointment? jt which were usually made for two o'clock. Several of these lunches were had at Delmonico's, Sherry's and other plaoes of similar character, but on the day in question, while en- route from Orange to New York, Mr. Edison said: "I have been to lunch with you several times, now today I am going to take you to lunch with me, and give you the finest lunch you have ever had". I asked him, "Where are we going?" to which he replied, "You wait and Bee". When we arrived at Hoboken we took the down-town ferry and when we arrived on the New York side, Mr. Edi- sfan led the way to Smith & McNeil's, which is opposite Washington Market. We went inside and as soon as fehe waiter appeared Mr. Edison ordered apple dumplings and a oup of coffee for each of us. He consumed his with the greatest possible pleasure, thennas soon as we had fin¬ ished he went to the cigar counter and purchased a cigar, and as we walked to keep the appointment, he told me the following story: V/hen he left Boston and decided to come to New York [ATTACHMENT] he had on* money enough to reach he w York. After leaving the boat, his first thought was a breakfast, but he was without mon«y to obtain it. However, in passing a whole¬ sale tea house, he saw a man tasting tea, so he went in, and ashed the man if he might have some of the tea, which the man gave to him and in this way be obtained his first breakfast in Sew York. He knew R telegraph ^ New York and on him he depended for a lorn, to tide him over until such time' as he obtained a position. During the day he succeeded in locating this operator but found that he also was out of a job and that the best he could do was to loan Mr Edison one dollar, which he did, this “°unt °f *°ney representing both food and lodging until sush time as a position could be obtained. Mr. Edison stated that after the time consumed and the result of the exercise from walking while he was locating his friend, that he was extremely hungry and that he gave most serious consideration as to what he should buy in the way of food and what parti tular kind of *0.«d would he most satisfying and filling, with the result that he decided on an apple dumpling and a ou^ofcoffee, which he had at smith ft McHell’ s . He was fortunate enough the following day to obtain a position, so that he was then able to live in a normal way. [ATTACHMENT] - A MEASURE POR MEDALS During the winter preceding the last World's Pair, a European Scientific Society advised Mr. Edison that it had voted him a Gold Medal for his scientific work, and their representative would stop on his way to the Pair and deliver the Medal in person. During July or August of the following year, on an exceedingly hot day, their representative called at the LaboratOIy and tried to get the Gate House man to take his card to Mr. Edison. This man has had mmy years' experience in meetirg visit¬ ors and he tried to learn the business of the representa¬ tive, who spoke English very imperfectly and very rapid¬ ly. As the Gate House man was unable to learn the miss¬ ion of the visitor, who seemed from his <}_ress and manner to be a person of some importance, he cane to the. office of the writer and told him the circumstances, and asked him to look the visitor over. When the writer reached the Gate House, he found the visitor red in Jhe face, with the perspiration rolling off of it in streams, and very much excited, and he let forth a torrent of talk of which the writer was und>le to understand anything except that he caught the word "Medal". Happening to remember the letter of the previous winter, I asked him if he was the representative of the Scientific Society, and he was so glad to be identified that he nearly fell on my neck, so I invited him into* the Library and apologized for the [ATTACHMENT] delay in his obtaining entrance, explaining to him the many schemes that had been tried to obtain entrance in the laboratory. V/hen he was somewhat cooled off, I went upstairB and found Mr. Edison on the second floor of the laboratory in the furnace room, where he was con¬ ducting some experiments wiith carbon. As already stated, the day was intensely hot, and 1 found Mr. Edison in a sad-looking state. He had on as few clothes as possible and his hands and face were streaked with the carbon with which he was working. I explained to him that the representative from the Scientific Society, from whom he had heard the previous winter, was in the library and was ready to deliver the Medal. Mr. Edison declined to go downstairs, saying to me "You take it, and explain to him that I am very busy with an experiment, which I cannot very well leave." I protested, but Mr. Edison said: "No, I will not go down" , so I went down to the library and explained to the representative that Mr. Edison was very busy in the midst of a very important experiment which he could not leave, and that he had in¬ structed me to take the Medal. The representative of the Scientific Society very justly declined to deliver the Medal to me, saying that if he couldn't see Mr. Edison on that day hewould come the following day, or any other day which we would appoint. Knowing that it might be just as difficult to meet Mr. Edison on a subsequent day, I returned to the second floor and told Mr. Edison what the representative of the Scientific Society had -2- [ATTACHMENT] 3aid *h as to making another call, then I said: "You can see him just as well today as later; now, if you do not want to go downstairs, let me bring him up into the furnace room and see him here," to which Mr. Edison re¬ plied: "Ho, I won't have him up here, and if I've got to see him I suppose I will have to go downstairs". So, just as he was, all perspiration and dirty, he accompan¬ ied me to the Library and I introduced him to our visitor who seemed to be very much shocked at his appearance. He however took the Medal out of his pocket and started in and made quite an elaborate speech of presentation, which was delivered so rapidly, and his English was so poor? that neither Mr. Edison or the writer understood one word of it. When he had finished, he handed the Medal to Mr. Edison, who took it and simply said "Thank you". There was a pause, and then with the evident intention of making conversation, our visitor said in broken English but slowly enough so that both Mr. Edison and the writer understood: "I believe* Mr. Edison, you have other Medals", to which Mr. Edison replied: "Yes, I have a couple of quarts of them up at the house", which it is needless to say astonished our visitor very much and he subsequently mentioned the fact to me several times that he could not see how a man could value Medals by quarts. -3- [ATTACHMENT] - A FINANCIAL TRANSACTION - Prom the proceeds of the sale of the stock of the General Electric Company which Mr. Edison received at the time of the consolidation of the Edison General Company a and the Thompson-IIouston Company for his stock in the forn er Company, Mr. Edison started on the problem of concen¬ trating low grade iron ore and established works at Edison , N.J., where he personally worked for a period of eight or nine years. The work was of the most trying nature, the number of disappointments far outnumbering those of success, and Mr. Edison's working hours for six days a week averaged the above period fully 17 hours a day. During the latter part of the panic in 1893, there came a period when we were very hard up for ready cash due largely to the panicky conditions, and a large pay¬ roll had been raised with considerable difficulty. A day or two before pay-day, our Treasurer called me up by 'phone and said, "I have just received the paid checks from the bank, and I am fearful that ray assist¬ ant, who has forged my name to some of the checks, has absconded with about $3000." I immediately went to Mr. Edison and told him of the forgery and the amount of mo¬ ney taken, and in what an embarrassing position we were for the next pay-roll, and when I had finished, he said, [ATTACHMENT] "It is too bad, the money is gone, but how can we turn _ the Iosb of it to ou r advantage?" Then continuing, he said, "I tell you what you do; go and see the President of the Bank which paid the forged checks, get him to admit the Bank's liability and then say to him that Mr. Edison says he does not think the Bank should make good the loss because he happened to have a dishonest clerk in his employ". "Also say to him that I shall not ask them to make the amount good". This was done, the Bank admitting its liability and being much pleased with Hr. Edison's action. When I reported to Mr. Edison what had been done, he said: "Wait a couple of weeks, then go down and strike them for some good sized loans," which I did and obtained, and the loans were of the greatest possible help to us at that particular time. Personally, this little experience has been of the greatest possible aid to me, as whenever I get up against an adverse unexpected situation, the first thought which comes to my mind is, "It is too bad, but how can I turn it to my advantage." WILLIAM H. MEADOWCROFT PAPERS REMINISCENCES BY FRANCIS R. UPTON [PHOTOCOPY] Tn/T' 9~. /?. - REGARMIITG THOMAS A. EDI SOU' - Hr, Martin writes me regarding my reminiscences. I first saw Mr. Edison in 1877' when I went to Menlo Park from Princeton with Mr. Howard R. Butler. I found Mr. Edi¬ son huslly engaged on telephone "work and beginning to get some results. ' V' . ' ■ •The next year, after I had been to Germany for a year studying under Helmholtz, I again saw Mr. Edison. He had ' offered Hr. Butler a position as Assistant, desiring a trained man. Mr. Butler passed the position on to me . I was engaged by the Company which was backing Mr. Edison at the.time, as, a-, , 'mathematician.rx'in™y testimony, in- the filament casev i? ‘an ac- count of my^^at i n t er vl e w ^ wi, th , Mr 4 ‘ Ed i s 6n and the questions he asked 'me ; * •' .t ' ' . ' ' ' : "•.* • " ; I found Mr. Edison at that time wonderfully familiar with the electrical laws. His knowledge was far ahead ' of any HP - " • ■ . ...■55r ruplex and the automatic telegraph, had given hima very clear insight into the laws of E.K.E. and of resistance' of circuits. He 'had from experience completely realized the effect of high resistance and low resistance in. combination^Vith batteries "of various' strengt^'-j^; • [PHOTOCOPY] V/hut has now 'been made clear by means of accurate nomenclature was then very foggy in the text books. Mr. Edison had completely grasped the effect of sub-division of circuits, 3th and the influence of wires leading to such sub-divisions, when it was most difficult to express what he knew in technical lan¬ guage . The accurate nomenclature was found only in higher treatl^is on electricity Buch as were contained in the encyclo¬ paedia Brittanica and in the German text books. I reme inter distinctly that Mr. Edison gave n« the problem of placing a motor in a circuit in multiple arc with a fixed resistance, and I had to work the problem out entirely as I could find no prior working out of this problem. There was nothing that I could find bearing upon the counter E.M.E. of the armature and the effect of the resistance of the armature rn the work given out by the motor. It was a wonderful experience to have problems given me out of the intuitions of a great mind, based on enormous experience in practical work , and applying to new lines of pro¬ gress. . One of the main impressions left upon me after knowing Mr. Edison for many years, is the marvelous accuracy of his guesses. He will see the general nature of a result long before it can be reached by mathematical calorie tion. Mr. Edison's greatness was always to he clearly seen when difficulties arose. Difficulties always' seemed to make [PHOTOCOPY] him cheerful end start him thinking, and very scon would come a line of suggestions which would not end until the difficulty was met and overcome or found insurmountable. . I have often felt that Mr. Edison purposely got himself into troubles by premature publications and otherwise, so that he would have a full incentive to get himself out of the trouble. Another point about Mr. Edison in his experimenting. His day is twenty-four hours long for he always has worked when ever there was anything to do, whether day or night, and carried a force of night workers so that his experiments could go on continually. If he wanted i^aterial he always made it a principle to have it at once, and never hesitated to use special messengers to get it . I remember in the early days of the ele otitic light he wanted a mercury pump for exhausting the lamps. He sent me to Princeton ^ get it; I got back in the evening to Metuchen and had to bring the pump to the Laboratory on my back that evening, set it up, work all night and the next day, getting results. The development of the electric lamp is well told in the testimony given in the filament lamp case,. There are two or three things that I feel especially proud of in this development. One is that when the first carbon filament lamps were made, the question v/as often aBked whether they would flicker when one }amp waB put in multiple with another. It was my privilege at that time to have in my hands the second carbon filament lamp when there was another one still in burning. condition. I remember very well hav/^fhe first one lighted on -S-"' [PHOTOCOPY] a table in the middle of the laboratory upstairs -'t, Menlo Pari:, and then lighting the second Imp along side of it without affecting the first lamp. I knew this would be the case, as the low resistance armature was in the dynamo, the circuits were of low resistance and the lamp v/aB of high resistance and the galvanometer also demonstrated that there would be no change or flickering in the first lamp when the Becond was 'lighted . Another incident at Menlo Park was that the first lights placed in a dwelling house were placed in my house Apposite the station. This happened to be the case because the wires had been run down there first, and had not been run to Mr. Edison's house. The result of this was that the first illumination of a private room was made in this house by means of a filament lamp. In this house Mr. GroBvenor P. Lowrey suggested hangingH^e lamps high up on the walls in the corner of the rooms. This was done first in the room on the north side, of the house . Another installation which I had to do with was that of the steamship Columbia. I tock the lamps personally in a basket for this installation, and had charge of the installation. Mr. Wilson P. Howell was on the boat under me in charge. During the invention cf the incandescent lamp, though • r. Edison was under great strain arc! working parctically all the time, he was usually in good spirits, and would often in the middle of the night when the luncheon was served, go to the organ [PHOTOCOPY] at the end of the Laboratory and play tunee and come back and crack jokes. 7J[r, Charles Batchelor was Mr. Edison's principle assist¬ ant at that time. He was a most intelligent, patient, competent and loyal assistant to lir, Edison. I remember distinctly seeing him work many hours to mount a small filament, and his hand would be as steady and his patience as unyielding at the end of these many hours as it was at the beginning, in spite of repeated fail¬ ures. He was a wonderful mechanic, and the control that he had flf his fingers was marvelous, and his eye sight was sharp. Mr. Batchelor's judgment and good sense were always in evidence. Mr. Kruesi was the Superintendent. He was a splendid mechanic with a vigorous temper, wonderful ability to work con¬ tinuously, and to get work out of men. _._^™jtj?as an ideal combination, that of Edison, Batchelor and Kruf‘si . Mr. Edison v/ith his wonderful flow of ideas, which were sharply defined in his mind as can be seen by any of the sketches that he made, as he evidently alwayB thinks in three dimensions. Mr. Kruesi, willing to take the ideas, and capable of comprehending them, would distribute the work so as to get it, done with marvelous quickness and great accuracy. Mr. Batchelor was always ready for any special fine experimenting or observation and could hold to whatever he was at aB long as Mr. Edison wished him to, and always brought to bear on whatever he was at the greatest skill. [PHOTOCOPY] Hr. Kruesi v.-as &. Swiss and trained in the best Swiss ideas of accuracy. Mr. Batchelor waB an Englsdhman and came to this country to set up the thread weaving machinery for the Clark Thread works. I have often felt that Mr. Edison never could comprehend the limitations of the Strength of other men, as hie physical and mental strength Save always seemed to be without limit. He could work continuously aBlong as he wished and had sleep at command. His sleep always waB instant, profound and restful. He has told me that he never dreamed. I have kndiwn Mr. Edison now for thirty years, ana feel that he has always kept his mind di¬ rect and simple, going straight to the root of troubles. He also has kept a warn feeling of reg ard for his old associates, and a great many times has done great kindnesses to those who have been assoc iateiMSith him, always in an inconspicuous way. One of the peculiarities I have noticed About Mr. Edison is that I have never known him to break into a conversa¬ tion going on around him and ask what people are talking about. The nearest he v/ould ever come to it waB when there had evidently been some joke told and his face would express a desire to laugh' , that would immediately invite telling the j oke to him. Regarding the creating of the l&rg? works. When Mr. Edison had made a number of lamps he began illuminating Menlo Park. The glass work of the lamps v/ere first made for this in the photographers house on the north of the Laboratory by MesBrB. [PHOTOCOPY] Boehm & Holtzer , the exhaustion of the lamps was carried or in the east, end of the. laboratory upstairs, where the mercury- pumps were. Mr. W.J. Hammer kept the records of the lamps for some period. Mr. Batchelor took up the lajnp manufacture and methpd of manufacture. He started the work in the old "Pen Factory" as it was called, on the other side of the railroad from the Laboratory. In the exhaustion of the lamps mercury was used freely and appliances were poor, and the merfiury got all through the building. The result wbb that Mr. Batchelor and several others were badly salivated. The charge of making larps was turned over to me and Mr. Batchelor was Bent to Paris. At this factory the present basis of the lamp was gotten up and standards fixing this base were sent to England ‘ France ahiFGermany, where lamps were being made; The works’ were moved to Harrison and I continued in charge for several years - until such a time as the business had grow to what then seemed*. ?' to be large dimensions. At the Menlo Park factory, Prof, llichols who is now at Cornell was in charge of the photometric work’ . The rapid and accurate measuring of lamps and testing lamps for their durability were problems of great moment ir. the early making of lamps . It was at the factory in Menlo Park that the method of^ beinging lamps up to p v«ry high incandescence while they were ft being exhausted was first practised. For several years Mr. Edison gave his principle at ten- -St tion to the development of the Underground system and’ central . [PHOTOCOPY] station appliances. Eor a short time he was at the lamp works at Harrison fitting up a laboratory in the upper story. This was just before he built his Orange Laboratory. There are quite a number of note books of this time which show that Mrs . Edison witnessed Mr. Edison's signature in the note books as she was often at the laboratory in Harrison, helping him experiment. MUCKERS OF THE EDISON LABORATORY These records, which cover the period 1902-1909, consist of a minute book and a small amount of unbound material pertaining to the organization known as the Muckers of the Edison Laboratory. Founded in 1 902, the Muckers was a select, dues-collecting fraternity of employees at the West Orange laboratory. Its founding members included James B. Ballantine, Cloyd M. Chapman, and John 0. Roos. Among the early inducted members were Edward P. Dinan, Frank L. Dyer, George Heatherington, John V. Miller, and Martin A. Rosanoff. The minute book includes a list of members, an account of business meetings, and occasional references to Edison, along with comical reports of periodic "outings" by the club. The unbound material consists primarily of postcards and other correspondence from members and former members. The records are arranged in the following order: (1) Minute Book; and (2) Correspondence. A finding aid for the archival record group is available at the Edison National Historic Site. Minute Book This minute book contains an account of business meetings of the Muckers of the Edison Laboratory from August 1902 through February 1909, along with a sequentially numbered list of members. Next to most of the names is a notation of the month and year that the member entered into Edison's employ. Many of the entries indicate the date on which the individual left the laboratory, and a few also include a date of death or resignation. Particularly during the period in which A. Theo E. Wangemann served as secretary (1904-1906), the minutes contain numerous jokes and sketches, along with comical reports of periodic "outings" by the club, usually to dining and drinking establishments in New York City. The minutes are revealing of the work culture at the West Orange laboratory, and there are occasional references to Edison, who joined in one of the club's more sober outings in 1906. Correspondence This folder consists primarily of postcards and other correspondence from members and former members of the Muckers of the Edison Laboratory. Included are letters by James B Ballantine and Nils Traaholt, written at the ore milling plant in the Dunderiand region of Norway where both men were working in 1905. Other items include bills for dinners, humorous sketches by A. Theo E. Wangemann, and various versions of the organization's constitution. Muckers of the Edison Laboratory Minute Book This minute book contains an account of business meetings of the Muckers of the Edison Laboratory from August 1 902 through February 1 909, along with a sequentially numbered list of members. Next to most of the names is a notation of the month and year that the member entered into Edison's employ. Many of the entries indicate the date on which the individual left the laboratory, and a few also include a date of death or resignation. Particularly during the period in which A. Theo E. Wangemann served as secretary (1904-1906), the minutes contain numerous jokes and sketches, along with comical reports of periodic "outings" by the club, usually to dining and drinking establishments in New York City. 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Z&c G&L&rmZZy ( (Ps^pirip fa £&y{ 0Uu*4 ~f~ tffancditH, 0k-t P sJiejL. , /»^jf 0fo, P^hm* %■ - if- Jfh /fcri+f&c^ J$ii&£-r*i^-- ^!few^' ^ PUu^c pit P*>( fit- /k- • — - - /£-? . ^^vm^SZZo fl^^Vf (&£c<>£+*l * ^U^' 0**-> &bz- 'tt-Pte/ sMsc ^ru— ^A^U^uGp, 0U r /<? j£ / MsL.0uiLt.l P^Cu % {&CLOJ *llc^ 8 /hfr't^oJ. tus/~^e^n**U*{ j£&as6-ui Z-Ox*. ,<'/ JZe^c£ct£* ■scot' d^n^. ^n/ '^C. •/^~ ■^^**'"^- -^<5^t-C^O A^rA •«•'£, -£2C*y 4*-<_ --^>6^1^ 206 a. cfi hi . fa- Z (f &KLf <f- tP. 3yl(, U^Su £i**M&*t ■& <riH0^3?B-@,i. /£&. % / 7JT /5^^e/-/. &i*t*p*s S'* ■Vt-V'G. <R<H‘fk*. AS *2M J/n/uA^Jr. 57 223 C/ V\W Our bear Mr. Edison: ', ^Muckers assembled in a farewell dinne to Jraaholt 4 Hansen, after toasting the Country remember^ foremost the man we lov revere. ^Many a times praises and eulogies were spoken, but none as hearty and simple the sentences given from the heart by the closely connected with your work, as were hedrd here to-night. ' If ever blessing and comfort came from the heart of the Young ii admiration of their Master, it is from our: and; we wish your lot to be a successful 1 or and , in health to enjoy, for many years to cc yoOr life work. We.are always and ever yoi | Muckers, Traahol t. Hansen. .Warren. Cowing. Whiting. Wangemann, sec'y. / ... “ d Absent,;— / V* Miller, chief. Aylsworth. w. H. Miller. Dinan. n«r. 235 Muckers of the Edison Laboratory Correspondence This folder consists primarily of postcards and other correspondence from members and former members of the Muckers of the Edison Laboratory. Included are letters by James B. Ballantine and Nils Traaholt, written at the ore milling plant in the Dunderland region of Nonway, where both men were working in 1905. Other items include bills for dinners, humorous sketches by A. Theo E. Wangemann, and various versions of the organization's constitution. Eight letters from members or former members have been selected. A copy of the Muckers' constitution can be found in the "1906. Edison, T.A. - Employment" folder in the Document File Series. (fc. I'KutRfl/wj IS^ajv- SIa_ : z u nu^Mafr . ZusrrrfbG^r ^"%r- ^ IvJ^oXvj SK-oIaIL. fiT" “CyjlAtt^ Avv^ tfc«-uJka fe“c|uv^ a-W_ '^o-r'' l^a. uwi£cw aaaJl. i>^— | 'Wv^vaa^j ^ oJiw> |at/ tL- ja^kfl. L^^JL- o^" @a-{-*- f^tndLtn^H is'^Vv C^MtA u_o4"" ^v^rfKu. *^JjjS fo* ^>^-<1 ( Jb-rtL. Avmj-1*— try Hjis^ ass a. f u^ /Wv^ii^v Q-*^“ uva- i^o 3 } 'Vy^u^* "tS”" U»-^ow<-/w«^ <|^"P VUAA^j^au^ K'^‘ a^jjy^^ /w^JUL ^^JL/vyjl. ^ to-4 4^ Waj-^ Iqjl. OwL-Gji— ^ (S-O^ lArvlfcfc ^)r6-<**s^ c^tkz x 4b^L l JnJV— Ls-^te~ A^yaJljSx. '"^5 ^TV - A^tvwju- IZIuuUL- Os^ ^SL" <2/urvy-3~ <rfW" «- ^v-t>-^-' ^«-4j!J <r|~ 'Jyjn^liLlM *hj Jt^^~ Vxojt Wue^UA/O '^W>u-y V \)Uaa!u)- f&tj ^6'V'V , THOMAS A. EDISON, President. i. S. MALLORY, Vice-President. I. F. RANDOLPH, Secretary-Treasure^. EDISON CHEMICAL WORKS. TELEPHONE "86 BLOOMFIELD." Silver Lake, N. J., d ~/ ? C?:: . ™ — ^ A C&- * ■ - - ^<Z- ^ sC^l^'ZJL-c to \S<L y I ^ vf Xfr— ai (jaj^- crV '^vxt^vjl ^j^sjoaX-^. ■ aJs> ; ° (Lrl^Jy /3 • V- ^ . :,, . ! .°b*Ua . S .‘tT ’SoJb". ^Vu. ~Cki ujsi ^-V-a tU. OkA "' cujn^^ yCU. , ^ W (A*! - O o^vJj aajC^/ (xjr' A)^d^ <XA~i ^ ■■ 1 ^ ^ a*ri . '\^!rv5r a> T /uJju XJTT^-'^r ^45xT^aj^xJ5 vAr |ax^> <h & sWiivtti. j£&rn£sd <4- otlC ' ^£*i*<**ty i :, - >u?%. ^ ; a&r ji ZftZ~ O t I &U- &#? 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Included are correspondence, notebooks and loose notes by Edison, technical drawings by unidentified draftsmen, agreements, scrapbooks, unbound clippings, and other items. Some of the documents were misfiled in later years of the Document File and subsequently identified during the editing of Part IV. Other items were uncovered during ongoing archival processing at the Edison National Historic Site. One letter from Edison to Henry Bentley, dated March 1881, was stolen from the site in the 1970s and later recovered. The documents are arranged in series, subseries, and folders that parallel the organizational structure of the earlier parts of the microfilm edition. The only document from the 1870s is the agreement, dated December 31, 1878, among Thomas A. Edison, Egisto P. Fabbri, Grosvenor P. Lowrey, and the firm of Drexel, Morgan & Co. This agreement gave Drexel, Morgan & Co. authority to obtain patents in Great Britain and Ireland for inventions by Edison pertaining to electric lighting and power. Four documents from March 1 , 1 881 , are related to this agreement. Two assign power of attorney to Drexel, Morgan & Co. to secure patents in Great Britain and Ireland for Edison's inventions; the others appoint Fabbri and Lowrey as trustees of his inventions in those countries. Several other agreements also date from the 1880s. The agreement of March 23, 1881 , between the Edison Electric Light Co. and the Edison Electric Illuminating Co. of New York provides the local company with exclusive use of two electrical power stations in New York City. An agreement of April 30, 1 881 , between the Edison Electric Light Co. and Miller F. Moore appointed Moore as head of the Edison Co. for Isolated Lighting at a $6,000 salary and 5 percent of the profits. Also included are items from February and April 1 882 relating to the assignment of Edison's British patents to the Edison Electric Light Co., Ltd. All of the agreements from the 1870s and 1880s have been included here as part of the Document File Series. In addition, there is an exhibit from an 1888 agreement between Edison and financier Henry Viliard. That agreement, which was filmed in the Legal Series of Part III, gave Viliard an interest in twenty-three of Edison's proposed inventions. The inventions are listed and described in the exhibit. The exhibit can be found in the Miscellaneous Legal File. Among the technical material from the 1880s is an undated pocket notebook by Edison containing notes regarding chemical compounds and their reaction to heat. An 1881 unbound drawing of a reciprocating dynamo is also by Edison. In addition, there are eleven oversize drawings by unidentified authors, which appear with other oversize material on reel 179. Eight of the drawings are from September and October 1 880 and concern generators for electric lighting. A drawing made sometime during the period 1882-1884 involves a field generator for central stations. The two other drawings were probably made in 1887 or 1888. One pertains to a pyromagnetic device. The other relates to a pyromagnetic generator and contains manufacturing instructions by Edison. The correspondence from the 1880s in the Document File Series deals primarily with experimental and business matters at the West Orange laboratory. There is also a letter to Edison from Dr. Richard D. Owen, a son of Robert Owen, the British utopian, social reformer, and founder of the New Harmony commune in Indiana. An 1 885 book order by Edison, drawn from the Publishers’ Trade List Annual, includes works on composition and grammar, philosophy, psychology, mythology, and economics. An additional item from the 1880s can be found in the Scrapbook Series. The book contains typewritten transcriptions of local newspaper reports, illustrations, and other material relating to the exhibition of Edison's inventions at Mechanics Hall in Worcester, Massachusetts, in May 1884. Two notebooks and one pocket notebook are from the 1890s and early 1900s. Two mostly undated notebooks, used by Edison from the late 1890s through 1902, provide information about experiments on electric lights, filaments, x-ray machines, and storage batteries. They also include notes and drawings of railroad cars, conveyor systems, and rock crushers relating to either the ore milling plant at Odgen, New Jersey, or the cement plant at Stewartsville. The pocket notebook, part of the Company Record Series, was used by Edison during the period 1898-1900. It contains notes regarding the performance of equipment at the Ogden plant. In addition, there is an unbound drawing by Edison of a meter, dated April 1898. Much of the correspondence from the 1890s, included in the Document File Series, concerns personal and family matters. An 1 891 letter to Edison from Friedrich A. Krupp of Krupp Munition Works, describes an arrangement of writing table implements that Krupp had sent as a gift to Edison. Two letters from 1 898 pertain to Thomas A. Edison, Jr., and his business activities. Other correspondence from 1898 relates to Mina Miller Edison's brother, Theodore Miller, and his death while serving with the Rough Riders in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. In addition, there is an 1898 earnings report for the Edison Electric Illuminating Co. Among the other items from the 1890s are unbound clippings from the Century Magazine and the Weekly Tribune of Port Huron, Michigan. "Edison’s Invention of the Kineto-Phonograph" by William K. L. Dickson and Antonia Dickson, published in the June 1894 issue of Century Magazine, traces Edison's early efforts to simultaneously record and reproduce both motion and sound. The Weekly Tribune article, written by George P. Lathrop in February 1 895, is an account of the life of Edison’s father, Samuel Edison, Jr. Three scrapbooks kept by Edison associate Charles Batchelor can be found in the Special Collections Series. They cover the periods 1890-1894, 1890-1896, and 1901-1914. Included are newspaper profiles and interviews with Edison, along with clippings about electric lighting, ore separation, x-ray experiments, aerial navigation, high-speed locomotives, new uses for the automobile, and a variety of other subjects. NOTEBOOK SERIES Notebooks by Edison N-02-02-1 0 (ca. 1895-1902) N-02-10-10 (ca. 1895-1902) Pocket Notebooks PN-Undated.18 (ca. 1885) Unbound Notes and Drawings (1881, 1898) Oversize Notes and Drawings (1880, ca. 1882-1884, ca. 1887-1898) [filmed with other oversize material on reel 179] DOCUMENT FILE SERIES D-78-21 Electric Light - Foreign D-80-04 Edison, T.A. - General D-81-04 Edison, T.A. - General D-81-22 Electric Light - Edison Electric Illuminating Company of New York D-81-26 Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company D-81-33 Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom D-82-39 Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom - General D-84-13 Edison, T.A. - Employment D-85-10 Edison, T.A. - Book and Journal Orders D-86-39 Telegraph D-91-02 Edison, T.A. - General D-91-33 Glenmont D-92-26 Electric Light - Foreign D-93-02 Edison, T.A. - General D-98-06 Edison, T.A. - Family - General D-98-07 Edison, T.A. - Family - Edison, T.A., Jr. D-98-1 5 Electric Light - Edison Electric Illuminating Company of New York LEGAL SERIES Miscellaneous Legal File (1888) SCRAPBOOK SERIES Scrapbook, Cat. 116,993 (1884, 1896, 1909) UNBOUND CLIPPINGS SERIES Clippings (1894-1895) COMPANY RECORD SERIES NEW JERSEY AND PENNSYLVANIA CONCENTRATING WORKS Plant Operations Records (1891-1903) SPECIAL COLLECTIONS SERIES CHARLES BATCHELOR COLLECTION Scrapbooks Scrapbook, Cat. 1346 (1890-1894) Scrapbook, Cat. 1246 (1890-1896) Scrapbook, Cat. 1328 (1901-1914) SUPPLEMENT NOTEBOOK SERIES Notebook, N-02-02-10 This notebook was probably begun in the late 1890s, although the only dated entry is from 1 902. All of the entries are by Edison. At the beginning of the book is a list of chemical compounds and their properties. Some of the compounds are indicated for possible use in squirted filaments or fluorescence experiments. The list also contains many references to Henry Watts’s multivolume Dictionary of Chemistry. Another set of entries, bearing the title "Phenomenon of the Lamp," pertains to tests of incandescent lamps. Included are measurements of carbon buildup, along with notations regarding the amount of current running through the lamp wires, the duration of burning, and vacuum levels within the bulbs. Some of the experiments are on lamps with platinum or bamboo filaments. There are also entries labeled "Theory No. 1 ," in which Edison considers why certain lamps, including those with bamboo filaments, are breaking. In addition, there are several drawings of railroad cars, conveyor systems, and rock crushers relating either to the ore milling plant at Ogden, New Jersey, or to the cement plant at Stewartsville. The one dated entry is from November 1 902 and involves chemical solutions for storage batteries. The pages are unnumbered, and several pages have been removed from the book. Approximately 100 pages have been used. l/bcrUn Jt^g %\lKtaiLt-[ii>LCr^^ c^-Uc. #- <Qj^? Ocj £• Oft. o pi 5v iLt U-;? 5‘<#Xr d (\uf0n-CT3 O'Clw f CuCa-di- . x P^&vvAj^ d^Licr''^ Ctjft/CLC-- ^ vi icJdh G'XVU'-'-jj}^ J/V-A'wCa lVVc|)' & b * Uu» S&i$" Cl-'- V^e^o-O (^'IvVG^vv^C- <^G t X,wf. 5^6^. - - OJLa-C^. — > - c4 <-t x ^ c( c> 'i—' Q/(^,.U-— , '•' ‘•^ '?.C(v.<to, -tX-/ C,(/V\-^-C ~ jQK-ClX;!(,(,C: Mt — f^r1' (7&A. Cc L^* y'-f-it((^ . uJ cx. ( it ? ^UA^!(:tfCr:tTc;' £<..C't. t) . 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I a 4—!- ~X~> 1 f *T2 ^•f^. m*- cSL V\_d (-< - |a^T,0 tt^-| ^ /-t — ) -f ' cL^-i aVv^jv^l-^s P fc^SMM •"£ ;:fi:'0 ^ ^•Ql" ^r~‘^ r\ . . w H^Z Z ilt ^^rZZX^ CX—A tU f^ i6v^> 3^.,^ *=■-- zILa^> . 4/,. — lU^ 1^l/V gA^L-ca>^|2^»_- c|f£>f' Z-At^’C-^ - - i^~~-jCL. J£L^ ^ - A - ia^ZlZJL& - 1 qZ—&— wVt^U *| pAp 23 . 4^ ti <u**~*r£A I £4 (X^s-r /Csl'-<t- .y^\ fH 6 M"^— ■ ^"'J' Hr* *s n ■■zCC U'-"' l lrt w> 'V * ret Cf ^ t/ /vj^- ^e — “•» c'~ ^ <ivc \'u$ /^ Jz> * CMO dt—j~ j a,/f I tn? (ve^V t-j^T cflro iy / ‘iL-J < — — — rJv^v^-tt " f^>'Y'(rt*\sK(K fjUL a Af“vj: «4 ltr» » e-H^ /^G, " C^v\_o J p (y^j-v^vXs-w j/V tujuLtlLit- Ctvot d tx*£?Pv% <*4~ ( itzj — *-> — rJv^v^-tt " I ^ cj/C^o Lla.v< (Cs U'fVj (oc* (^ VA^V-^-^-i (plv(^jy{^t^» • * ^ t/bd^^r^i 7yi ,V^ > j 5“ 3 - <v / ^ . <d" < ^ 5no ■?*a /4- /«3 5'*/ * 'Hil, 5~o ttc i"o h*i» • — (2JZJ7,-? i Notebook, N-02-10-10 This notebook was probably begun in the late 1890s, although the only dated entry is from 1 902. The entries are primarily by Edison. Most of the book consists of numbered entries relating to chemicals or chemical compounds being tested for either squirted filaments or insulation. These entries are most likely from October 1898 and contain a few notations by an uhidentified experimenter. Also included is one page of notes on x-ray experiments, possibly from 1 896. The one dated entry, from December 1 902, is a brief note on a storage battery experiment. At the end of the book are a few drawings of ore milling equipment and phonographs, along with some miscellaneous calculations. The pages are unnumbered, and at least one page has been removed from the book. Approximately 60 pages have been used. ••• _S , NP I 5~0 CcftO iyO&C jMbj lOcjrrn4,$yT V_, , . Aui U C C-'L ■- ..,u n 1 _ f ;■ t r ■ v°2 fo ccit.OfoccH-NOj-. \l 0 3 ._ 3"0 CO Ho CCJfrUo ? - arm*. ■-/V - So ro /f/V<3?) _ loHcf to Ho J ' JY°Z0 iTo ccttO So<xHM03 lo Hof to HO ... _ . 10 HrSOu JO Ho H° 21 5<MM< a-i 2 o Jwjz-So HO i'o HNOi -) — — ... iQ Hcf m tfn t 10 Hsfr<^. *ycr ~ / /'v“~ -Sf^4£ ~~r*^ JX~33. - -,5^v*__<vf_3_X_ . ... - .^.J.5~cfn*>.a frxt~.K C. ■ — 4&-&SJL. ^ — rr-3^- ~T7T=fn : - * - :-- ,-L^r. 2. l£nW . .'■ -~- _ : ~~ - ^Z7cT7fc2 "T^r^i ~~~^^t~i2r__r * [icZZ^i •~ -”7 •^a— 1 oZ»~ <2^. _ - ffA ... •__- _ fT , ' , a£&. -S^-SEaZSZ^^ ■~C~~yO*J^: L^U'L.icU^j (Led- L y Pocket Notebook, PN-Undated.18 This undated pocket notebook was used by Edison, probably during the mid-1880s. It contains notes regarding chemical compounds and their reactions to heat. There are also two drawings and one page of miscellaneous calculations. The pages are unnumbered. Approximately 20 pages have been used. ! .^r^r'f'l '"; jZjcif f i K K ’ j^‘ [ I £*i+d (htf 4‘ ■ lilite x? j ImW tt BI®M3 UNBOUND NOTES AND DRAWINGS 1881, 1898 SUPPLEMENT DOCUMENT FILE SERIES ■ . ' '' : ■ ; . ■■■": - V ;:VVS-;: ■ :■ ' -'V-' ':i|- ^V; yv?;:yi ■ : . ' ' . . 1878. Electric Light- Foreign (0-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] ■ ~ z day y- iq, dAar.ejafzd^y^ddzatd -dtd and do/c-zdy emAd , dfe/twer'a. S&&&4/772'. z^.A/c^da <dAdA- ,&??.■ d/za. sfdad ^^d/eay^&iZYf ./uwdc/. . #/. dA» cAvdAcaid,- -^AddCcA. c:dd#'ta7a?7?y and ■Swnfewy... .a^dAe. Scd/ ^c^nd ycaed. and /SyanA ,A? dA/dca and dAr/u/ty/;. cA&zcdcz/Ah cad^nd./dAec . . sAddfeeJ, jdzz-ddt . zddAc.> /£Aazd d-cncd; "YdU ' ■ ' ' ■ ■;: ---■,■ - . . ... ffflz&teaa) dA dead cSdeden ’ dA&.dmwnfoc cAfodra anecand j£t, &&.. ededsedrdrnand y-e&e6ui>„ ce#*und. arid d/le a//dded/an^yyA-,naon^. -A--+ 'dded.d^edfcazndza& /zataec ean-d dUee&y, feodd/L ^■'tA,. dJhe&d JAdtadaazi tgf AAcdSdddAens and.J&e.- dand, ^edd- dn, ;&L Addend d^td ad .<rn,oz> I ezjrzddA . cdcy-y 0cd*d&. d/T/J aozd-d _: ^yzascyyzdy ddadce<s canid eaydtcdncnd ycrdd ca ncaay '6 dA <me*Any <y dd/dz adevndzdtd stdcdcny -6> d/io ... S.czmn...ptnacz£ .da^d#.; _ «**«£ ^ dadma. ^d<ceacd^_ rt/ic cad ..a<ac6 cc- c/ietcrdzn?' cf'. dated ~Jkcazxd, c^aycani.. ciairf dcnyiaaiy -an dd&criian^ ddndcai' ded&zj ^c%d??d^ywcc^ Zzi^tenddzd. fan* d^ze 6 dame- a* d Ac/ meet/ ./& nmda^ct d^dA.faia-ncdid n^tn^cctnard, eceAdzdb^ canddAga }y. azd and ctdc/dv-ddn efaced^ d-cecd anaasddas.a?*- iJzcccd ddd/cccn acrid Adcand, 6/Ci, d/famid ddmd>, ■&&,_ <£& faddm canddcca/c edd.csc fantdcaate nfa - 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] etcect- ajfH.^’-sis &&& *ftzw-C' dj. — ^A-t'&z&^es /jAoLcee'/zrrSsyc J tfcccA'^&btjTZZ'- afr^iazcturzy.. mius&L. ■em Jtecd’ 'mar'/?<rie& cm crzcr^r -Jac&zec&c6 cnc JJkccc&tf, araycC &<rrry6tmv^' : £?Clc6 -crc ccryc JJtcac&J,— cdfott^txns a?zc6 ^er/?ySici-ri^' cf-/€cc£6 //,ctcc, £&*>- ._. -Juwc.r^yJjb ^vtrtcyfiaU? ■#?/ ■iwtycf'aiciw J s&zrz^ ■ttfimn' ■UcJccA' Ct/z/r^^cc/arcz' J&v J&&OZJ frccJtvrf-S&ZJ.^ Jaw mac& cry ctJccv yjcc6yyt J-cacjJw 'J>€au> cyccczy . 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] _ cdc^tM^ccc. c^da& -tWMzrM&'erij czs/s?'/-eitAA^ ^ctzc^^dcaecd--^/ . a!?ic6 . dAcw./ef A. &<&?;■/,/■* tot-dc. ■dAryicicc-M ct/?c6 <w'/.&rjCJ-6 ‘&Z&ce£;<z AA^ce-M'.ctric£. dccri/lc?'/ic/ ^cc^LC&sry dAsM , -.ActcA. _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ ' .;J$ @$26fccgj - Jffte' st-xrssrt , /£. - "/ ', y~ ~ ^ r~ .a>nai'_j6&r&C'&b>.'& ddcctetdkcj, ct/At'dAe- duc*d>. AAetAA- ez& edd&c A/ecz-ctdArM _ _ -rnczcdc oz, s6i A#ruxc&.. Avon, ctAdAd^ dA 'Ad./ . A*,. J^ecdLatAvo cAsc^^e^/Ld, A> A> AdA ccd^^dA^_. ..6AoAt&ot£.j»me6. Cs,rzc&Ar-^; ey^.; ■/Z***^**/. \ e^/cddt ^AdA^d. ./Utt/w*, A.^ctA-cd dA, d&c*rfte*.„46&eAc£. ***cpaa*^_ *kzWl.^ok*£ cf^za^d Ar*&eAry6B!f6 zdaau-.euatd. Mfant&L' .dAu* A c^._ -^c^u...cmcd. _ cdz&v&t;. AA& Jcrtruj. A sdAc, Aitc^deej. 'd> A . &y__ dAwn, Atdcd as a^uu/ce.dc6/ ccrtcd '^AvdA&t. ct^te&z d _ ’cce^- ccrt&yv, .^AeAdA*.__. /wc^u ^eMte'*rLcy, ^d^tAccd *rcAz<&^ [ j//ArdAt>& ct^/cczcMica cm mcty AszyccdAt d> tcesA A _ c*??t/f.dc6 dt/ds, d £<xcAa<ncd. cm&cm ^cA^A^c^cd^A^, ■ /A Azz.M:dc<f.crzd dAc Mcccczc Aeccxn&t. ccyitiAd A _ ArmsfA; ct^jAzdAt, cyxesA e»?*c€*t*c+*d&,.__ Ac^c^cdA^cd rr^czcd ,c-dc^ccccJ& /iccccc cAd€. /?«'#?' s/jteAfdAcdrrt, CCCcddc-cp-c^ cpc-ctcd Zc^ccci?^ AAv&m ccv-dA otCMcic* <pd^cr,A ScdMc-*t,d ^cc^d dceizMM t*™*** cw^ cncrAs cc^y czA^dcd cyr&Ad*. eenvy-r -cwc*. c/eze^ sU*-cA cAcvricdtircv 'CCM*cd crcc>>yidA^6/C/Ai*. 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] <ry iTZACeAWzci^ tpt. ccytpr^cxdocA^ctt'cadA ;d/\ &> p&t/dcv p^ZA-cddcd ddczd cy£v*t. /CCd/CAcoy&dAydoct^ (?&dces dr ddts £&*wC dcdi^A^c^Auyiccdu. <&** ct^d/Cadet*. ' /$&ues cd^xdfeujdieC a*te6 ^cxa^^teC /keatcvur. cy£<?*tdvz' puesdtx?*' tx//t&/Aeo yAsd'Scp/bsad d <Kia-/£e.-4tz*<y£ C^cic'a^ej^ &<(^Gts dctypispycx, ytdtocr /At, wt/vccdd d/A fiaa&es flwvic6.cC ' cxvccC tyC.ot> ddc cdvcd-cbc^ <atxcd awfi/rccdiA ■Ux^CW1' .<^.<$A£f?&6,- <dic?^a^o genet dcryyCccny, dA*. eta.dtcej . ■J _ <di> Gcxrtcc&cx. /exerts dAs- ■cnd&tAAd' a^ f&rcfecx-cS'. Avdocdc dA^ 0nct^' cartAicr dA*, cdvaxAd. OxdiciL JtCLcc^, ^ckca C.'ti'/c'LsupC /.It^f^uzdd dAApAtAr&dciA&r- Vr do- 'd&ncCda- dtAi-cdciAAr- A^cvnx/ v&’oaddLa APiT/rctxd^n^ Aaa~ 'yfexAsr d) 'CfUs^i'CCccze. .. -Cwscn^c. rxtc xpf d?cdcA^yy^. _ _ ^^COC^^j- <A%c ect^tvczACf G^iy^Azdd. d ccpteC pdex^odd ')0ud~ Vjf dtbsyc'dzd GtcAocAxid ^ A-dccdC dc. /fcdeC A edcAdcAz, cvdcfdccr&r- Aoorix do extyAoiw&eC c**l cyiybdytAp V/f/cccddp CX4*-C>C (Aep^P^oAdp exS' deco &d&UJ dyjp/f zccvC tsdvevz&rrlJ ; dde ^£^/ti<fr^cirrzs oe* '^dect^-d ; AAc/iAcxAtrActddL cydcrctw^y 0adc>6 dedc/^yr^ cop<di dd~/Axdz%d&> CtddctA&cruiA^er Ac* ddyce /rdrctdcC dec d& /ew -yttidcC A/ $$z&pt£ r esfaryprecro ctexcC Aonyd* cxnpf /Cl &zoAd <Z&7rtA??WiUdiA <ct^c>C Gcie, cdAcc edeappe# CACjdir?yAx 'setdef cdcddcctd dd dfb ydytrsyi^dcri*. I <pd CcrrtAe&KCAd O' /n^cddccdoryc /pd drccru* Ad ‘ddyiedrz*A . dd #/ce*d6 W d dLdk dr sdedded cc^t. 4S aAutaa-' 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] aru; grf-. ^z/etncecC _ gr*:j4gzgg£jfibL . gpfiggyzggbg£- g<ig. -fib. fifie&afi- . t^zfioofi/.-gb/ze^f. _ _ _ _ _ - ■■ .. 'yid&ci^ezJ-d' "/xj -cgg-ggfi- jbv&grts. . . ^'-./fig/yiggP^ .fi_.gggg^figgfie-- _ctfi^-y^gg/gzZg -CgZ&g~fi^' g?c grfibgcgg/g/ ?9zct^. c*-g/^6gg/ces_.eg-rz^'~fig/<: sdgg-fi^g/z- -0K/igs^r-£fi. fi gggg, ..ggrz^ g^’gggcg-/- gg/zgntgifiggg-g. g$Ct- .cfigggriwcfie*/' . ggvybggzs&rtggggfi e*rt*&6 -fi^fizg^figgfiggfi gJgggjcg-C ~»dv- /dfificggggg &&c>Aed' -fib- ^bx/ifizis.. gg-yigfig fib/ et^yig^ggyz^ggfi/ fi^b -gggg9gz^.g/-^bcfi- 'bgfifi^g-Z^ggggg?^^../^. -fib*. C/b/ggfifigj^y&^griggg&g&gbgggg-gg /fiA-c/fi egfiAd-.^tgz-ifif^ mgzgf £-fiz-cfi~t ggi- d'rty. /4^gzfi'cg-cfit»- . -£d4ts,...&4&£&9'. _ Ae^bc-_..g?r..gdi-Agbi«- , ^ yie&c^-eS; -tz^&.fib.eficgxfig^ fib cZb/gfizes, fi c.ct&j&rat^ -Oxfi/fiei *fifirrt/.fiy fiCzeg- g^gfifi&Legfire*: y4^g<Ptp*<;, drupC- ^ C-Cd-fr. /Zdg>b /tgx^r -jAgzfiZ. -Agggsg- fib. -gg^bfi ^ ebvae, *ri£, , g/^gfiA fig^ g/A-gzfie cbv*g- e,. fi/brgfi; a*K?6 -fib cfigyfifiryu jrf? g ggcA gggfidfiggfigg gg/i^. g^. ^ggea-fifi/.fi gbbfifigfi fi fib^gAAfi zb _ :~— ■ AAAblfiA ; ^'gz-cg?6 Acfigggg. g^gzjzez^ , g/syfi-yg ggg. - ■ I ac-ae/fic/- Af A/ig-ccefi^ ' cgngrt- &a??jfigg-*ig/ gr>- /fib- cZbo/fieg , fi eggg.cgfik. Jgy^gg^-ggfi. gfi^fi^tyr^Tgfi /te^&cg&ng^ /fib- efi^^gyzg. y-zfi e>?z^>?T-&mA /ygyL-gz. yficfig/- - -^g* \fifig. yigrggggga ^ fib/J /7^cgrafi;- '?™r7X' jb jfcfi^g> //'/figAfic- ~'6*t$ g/Abi-i- gfi~ fi ogggr cfiggyczAfi gr g^e.Cs&gsgzg^/' /fib gfifitegfi gtj/ fib jficvifiiej fig-zg-gg-?^g<^-^fieg£e fi g/t Abt/ gz^gggg^ugzfi //figtfifi fbig/- fib ffiggifigg g^-gfiLgs 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] Hep Britannic Majesty’s Consulate-General, New York. I, EDWARD' MORTIMER ARCHIBALD, Esq., Companion of tub Most Honorable Order opTtSe Bath, HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY’S CON8UL- • GENERAL, fob the States^ New York, New Jerskt, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Delaware. ■ . ftcrrliy (Kctttftj, T|mt I have , reason to boliero that the Signature subscribed and. Seal affixed to the Certificate hereunto annoxod, are the true Signature and Seal of • oQcOt/tX O-C&C — who was> on tho dBy of the date of said CertificarorsLNotary Public, in and for tho State of NEW YORK, duly commissioned .and sworii, to whose Official acts faith and credit are duo. §u Wttnwu Wbewof, I do hereunto set my hand and seal of Office tho CITY OP NEW YORK, this etcpfuA — - — day of 9'HCXKCh— . In tho year of out Lord, 01 thousand eight hundred - jtfu. t~sC/ IT- ^ ' 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] fyrylf ./IT. ’ _ _ _ _ _ ... - ^ic^<sga«^ — .a^f . ttfib fc<e^ fpSm. ,C^4y .,OccTyy’.J SrSZCC^ Mdtc&d.^.jtf&i Ctdy. ^ s42m //taS 4e, *#■**> cC<^ c*4su^A*t. a^C^f ^^ d^y^L^X'i «. ■dAAC'fuk.4- &4 mnd.jcdc £#eeu£t* /&, scud' ,.#&* y^o-4 4c Sa-tJ.. 4cm £Mtccc.4> c**d f/i'Scz*rc&, ,_. amc6_ :M#s/e- €te4#tsur&4^e.4 dr Ae**.' 44b- sctl4 <44em v (fy>£CLt&e6. .ci<u.d c6>/coc-icd y/u. Sctmz^ .. cct'4 //c‘S;/ffJ. dcc/x>cm/&d . 4ct ..'Ptcwttfc a*> a- ■&*zy?-/£c->. S4ic*€d*~ L WILLI Ala A. BUTLER, Clerk of the City ami County of York, and alao Clorfc Supremo Court for tlm Haiti Cltyjrffia. County, tiio same being wJCourt of lteenrd, DO III CHttTIPY, That Aj^^f ^ whoao iinino is fuibncribcd to tliu Certificate of tlm proof or nsMowledgment. of tlm i Instrument and thereon written, wan, at tlm tinm of taking aue£/proof and acknowledge Notary Public in and for tlm City and County of New York, dwelling in tlm mid City, coinin' and sworn, and duly authorized to tako tlm name. And further, that 1 an II , . , ' tlm hand-writing of such Notary, and verily helinvo that the signature to tlm Raid certill proof or acknowledgment is genuine. 1 further Certify that said Instrument Is cxecutal , knowledgcd according to the law of the State of Ntw York , lit Testimony Whereof, I liarohereunlo net my hand, lyid afllicd th^Seal of the sai 1878. Electric Light - Foreign (D-78-21) [PHOTOCOPY] leqowy aytccsne+iA'.. .cc^i,&/ri/tAa,.6j ctncu&teauAL . eauc(dtm<.a9:tc& _ _ _ i£- &s/uci£t/u>UM A Sofam, & />w aw>6 &&6Zj£>£t&ri.<£:A_ -^-^wAciAbimi-, anct.A. 'tdcA.Awf (M*- A. &wAjb. 6t£& SAa ■e&U'6M&jru cvtAut*. <yu,*>it<n6: s^£Ajlnc*t*r. c*oJ& _ A. .‘ffiitik AJuvA* A Sk^u/.^J^yan e»te£ £e> vybany, avrfk&jtry /An A cfafiax.. ’wfcu*£-{ 'Aya/Asti.) ciwt toyyjy AmetAwnUcA Act&.a* AA&n^AcJdtl&Cie' Jtrtyan.ctneC \..A ayet-ceit. Ab^t^s^y? ci&epruy _ -&dum;j6:A&tM.. cettt&r. cfavU/e-ct. *i. s*A *&c*ne6 OzA'cA. _ AL.^Su/ok. */ £,/j£jl £a*&c£xi«*-. j&r&b. . g^^jg^r 1880. Edison , T. A. - General (D-80-04) J-.H . Aet-J-fa' . . ^ frA<Arr~r ^ ; al-^r-vu-t. _ -^jAaA, /^o & . jfa-W o^r- aJ—t$Ci? u^^AuA-d^pla-^A <r^y(A^AkzJ^Ku^ AajZ ^ Ct/i^u^ 4-fAtZ^ ( tsjJLUj J-Afa, <Z*-m-a$-<_^- U-a~a£aJL<j ' Q^t*-*<~v>--zA:jt^6(_s torACuA-iAyf— ClAAA^lA~tAA 4 hjAAcAZZr \ ~fc~cCC, O^- JAAaJA^ ftrr js*<A- tsAoi^AA rf~t*r/A(Aisr n> 1*-*A ym — -CTrv-w-/-JLr ^eAc^ <ru^*~r~ ■ titof s-rr ^A^tAicr f ’£* t$A-A (iA—^oy*AA~ 1 <r-vfc$T AAs tA^AA . gAA^t^-A*-* . Of 7~T^_y_^i_^^ A_«_ 6v^-K_^ ^-A_A-a.___ jr-Jt^ <SrXAA — S\~*a<aaa o_A-A~<aa^Ai~a ^ tdr-&iut-tc*~*y AjO 0 K . ^, • . , . J Ax^aa^ V^-A-^-Caajaa/ ''f^-<<— • *-*—>— «_^4,j^t<jje^A2 UaJLuI t'&Xv C«uc^^A«*w) tr<^_ cCtM^y Or^A^ f^{z&Z' 'it* i/faZy 7 4 (XthCiMJ ‘^CSZT^u^ (*n>~< ^y^vt^CZZ X~-<. 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I °u~*. *Lu*, h^hjiuj-^s lc--o<W^ Gfc | k-&*-hr<st- £»-” &tuu~ <£ou^Jta*, . itu <U^d~ -f~ ^tc^-ou^4> i£us(JCot*G^s <^6\_, ^ tjAsLcsL/ <Jytf-o~T*J'-J l-tnsfctb 0-yCt<yyty&-y ^-tyCy^yO-^yy^jD ^"^y^yf^C^ytyZyJ ^Z^ly I ayfyC^yt^Jj ^Atyyyy^y f C/i^U " t • <\!Lt_yyty*> ' tdbtO- *V— ,i.t -svCa CyK^yCc^yiyt^P. fas •^<Ai-**y J/r~‘\ _ (. <Vi4q^ ^ j/T)\y^~ fa-yf$^JUyy_yy V^^J-vxy 4~^/yJ ttrr-rCytC-y yVZ^yyy^J , <d*-*-y^y'^ f~3*<Jiyyy(iyfr<yj ^f<Jl^eyyy£^<y^ d(y(yf Ct-t-tyt-J , !-»'_. ■p^-vu-rrir ' j *%>*% s^yy -o ;{■; c& 'e^. ^H. yV^VL yd j 1881. Edison, T. A. - General (D-81-04) [INCOMPLETE] *A&**2' %f, y&K %0. f) Storl %« <h*JC. &C-C &r> { -t/r r*. *•'< *».£. •' € *, S‘ce*<' ; <c-' j -i . .***■£* #4/ *t ~<> a cy€* ^ur j j' ••4ese*>*r . ^2-e. • & r**r*’*x C v t? <eK>iv . ^.- ./&■*<■ ^ Mce.ce cuy | C^-c -> j / CJ;^-"' OL. ( ^ *•</<* c .: . ✓<* 1 <JL-eU,<a> o^- 6 - ^ as. # 1881. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company (D-81-26) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company (D-81-26) [PHOTOCOPY] 7^4^ etc*yy'//uU\ /w, '&y cS^LC, o£cQz-$Y&~ ^ /'dt. tYbuJ -&LnjL*i^tA C.txY£eeC /&-*- t ^iosi/y o^- Y&jl. ^ZjsY //'~cx^C) olla.oC' Ct?$*Ory\ P s ^ &o-o-tiA!&, f -Ccumtia. s&o . t ^jla. *-*y , j?(c**./y <y? /&*_ II 'A&-csn\Y, ^.olaY'* _ _ ■&0-tM.^.OK^yt- AS . /YLe. H4HU4- CjUlSs: 9/'^a A-aakY ^oa, sYt-cYic, f OAAoi'ytA-ay<s-vuts ■-/■*> -asYaY-GYAs ots ^ Y&asaaYa> trC*A c/wii' o^Z~<Y sYt-aYZ. ?a-Y*.c& Y^KjuiY* I <xy2.<^ o(as-oaUY*.o£, so-&a'oY y£<*+<juum, \*.oC- Y «x ^*16^- |/^«'lww <w Y&-t. Ccn^<s* ^(ytcC JxtAj^CCCJ Y, ' -f &A. so u«^ C*-Y+Yi/y | ^J!o>.cjl a^AAAA, y*-6.VJ\yt ^ e/v/?~Ot} Y&, co - - oAlasA i o/&La- SctAY’ <'YsA<\ tr \x A^Ya ttY£- YZjL* <XAAc£, YutAlL-Yy AA | / &. <**■ SL&Ayf. Oj^ /-&B, Y^-fAMAMA- aJit^r-ColY Y £ Y&aa Y>e SA>*Y4Yas Y&*- Y-CciYd , oaao6 Yam JAyfu-oAoX ^ ^t<p^tCxA<y -/^Jl — -*AAs/*> S'&JL */U^e<K.A.v6 S^&CY>-iA.o6 ; 'C* CK^’^uut.ots c*y^ -Yya^l cx^/^ I tAA+.cC* ^ oc^ .J^££*^v , , ! - L /• rf^UjlUZt*ClAA.Cp4 . *-U^t*. o6 CfO*-4 *4 | <KL^i^£ ^ /&U ^ I ^ * /2^<>& ^dL<YJu£€L4AAyA ^yj^/^^ pc*. f s/-4ul. r^f-iAA U^£& ^&+A>~Vl4 At/C**^ ' 1881. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company (D-81-26) [PHOTOCOPY] •IXCLAJL , _ " M' ^eu/ cyoj /£«. Vet. y /-Ae. e _/o ‘S&V'.cC ; t% st<*A.Us "Mt,* JUGu -C^l/lAn ^/w>. cmacL cyti^Aj^Co^ /o I /<. ^ yy^.A « /« ~<^<,4/cr\ \.ayioLy , V> , yi~J*A.Axy ' eM. oVlltW y»V^MH!LotMe^5«. *^c*ye eZej | - * - _ , .^u *■ ^ <W~^, &y c^y^y J ■ ***"?> ^ __ occeA^X-V^ ■^A^' ■ <*> ^/*^< yy^ y± l<yf/CtA>A>cy y ^MyCete^. /?«v -« Vet^e. ./6t etc ■tMyC^7rtA< -«*• -£**' /Cxeat., Vo^«/( , •^HuX<tU^< . : ' ^OiC^AJLCU s&aJ ^aU. yt*. v^yCec^ 4 ^cxyyjy, y<li | T^<vMyCettt^/ Vt^w4 /&, ,*, ' /floe/ U^rtf ''>', v4> '^-Ac: cj^Cto-vrtV (^oA/fV •5^A<u' “^irf-lMWiuV, •AtAtAMAt o_* oe-^/^evueete c ^ J •o-il.Hi. ‘ev ett /to-V /<> «tc yi^y^.^ /<y ^ '/o ,^-t«/ <f*uy(euM£4^ 1881. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company (D-81-26) [PHOTOCOPY] y -Qua.c6 m ^ _yww) .txAAsy ^ukcCo^ M. CUC^aM ^ 4-&.yj-ct. A o-£-£iiAv ./" - ' - \AC.a-Ay-Cjt. Ao-**jyicA^*.y j yj, jc6k.C, : yAl *-lA.*Uc£' "f -^JU^Oy, OxyxSU^A Mn^XM^tu/ *<***£ ^Couou/oai^/4 «-££ /t4wi -A CH- C-/-/ /(. A /"'£t {^tty/iAH^^tUK^ <(uuc I A~A~*YJ^e£', | y2 . ,w-^ J^-^^C^Ly UCh^jx. y^. A^y^y, , .A *&JUstvx^tzx„4gy ^ *A ^Aa-yCv.'A ./-&* ,^^/x^y ~7 7^ /^- 000 /**- ^ ^^.^y/^OO.^Jt yf? : OmcL, tsu, cKrfoCtAzix*^ /&jsju'At 'r*^ X OW y*U OtloC^e^y j y>/w* /(Ifc. ^/W, y«A«^ ^ <~t*jxyJ, -Ut-^yJLM/ Co-k/TTi ^ ^ y^. „ ^<Wo^«4/uy I ; -<^-/<£ Jt€K*Sxy \"y i/- , '-ACo-O-XyJ^. ^y/^j>,y/^Jy <*W -OU^&vx. *6y -S&L oAtcx.A!// ^i^t a-'y/(Aox,'l*U<6 x j-AtxMl , Le *■-?***’• A^. j L^o<W/- 0^iyCj,O *JLUi/y ,-6*. *OAct jfaduty f iy%v -/At-^H^A ^^OU[ *^)C -t \a^-vxA&4 Ho-lisi, I u '*^y-&. -tjutAu* y /<*; ^ L «Wi£, .■_ f7 tA/t^xJ!, tfctSAt 51 ■ 1881. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company (D-81-26) [PHOTOCOPY] /(Sjl .•iJkcutt ji^c£CC&lU, .A> y* y-tui ytc^el tut /d>^A y /-^ ^ ^ ~ ".uGLue* c// J y^cO /*^L.y **AAy y'xa^A^y. y„ ^ ^ /^* -/L^^r A, ^ ^ A*y*’/~^ ~ +** y-^u, ~7 Ooue^ * ‘HP^Htt /t&eU^&L -i ^°~yy al. ^ I ^o /k <i*«^u« , ^r^6d^>f . • ~^Cy^. ^ ^ ^UC^_ /. y\*jLt ^ ^ ^| |j 'A* «;W ^ “ A ^ 4S~~y - c_ — *. ■^y °<-A/ -M^viuUAAkv ruvw: J<Mji***S. / . / ^ I (7 ~/<"-/t‘~™ ~i ~~? 4 -&; <& - „ ^ ^<7 »^‘ ^~~s~y,/<^^ "~ /<^W iwyeuy <4,^ "M^v ^ ' / »y<it yvAA^/^ 1881. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company (D-81-26) [PHOTOCOPY] -/ /i~Ay yC cu^y^y ^ yX ooaa^ -<*a-Xca aWToVEXa. V, «a^ <X /<«/£• «. yi^d^y «v^w ^ vovi ^ /a* /w«'_ /o ^ AX ;^,^Z y<? y/A*yy ^<3»-MvCc«.e/. - . I! /cAAAAAAA «Xl Lt/^/Uw/ yd*A*y y^-U^A *yAA*yyyAyjL _a/- ^ -^M»WU v^e- o4i«w4m; ' ^^JAAWcotAilot/ eAyd-a-A-L&^y orf? y-&* Snj. „( iyACr-t\x. . _ Cy^^sd/ ,' «^M«ahaaa<.cX cuV -w y<yyy^yr-t-<AA-& rf^y V- ^yC^/0 ^ *&■ CA, Vd*. a<~«4 y -4-*-^ JAc Mo^crfV /s^/. ^<^<^Xa/Xv «AC«., ^ .^,c4 yv^y^ yVH'y X y*u^y6CT*My ^/W . ^ «w< ow,^ «X? yout^Ad^ S&n/^y, j' ev^ec^y -A^y^A c ^cty. nu,x^w, JU^yJv VLca^/ ^«^,XXuW «_<£&. ^4 <y>v«. /<o -^L^w4t X> V&. O^oj^a^Ua y&*yA*AMyu, AAAtyyyy , _ 5 --V^)«^leAAXA«A, OAJCiA*** A^CC^VU ^ W^A. ^ AM„ V^.A , jA^^C^yAdo -*^JUL yd ./^AAy^^y yyy ^ ^ Vd* yW^A/ I /^W V^m^V^aa Vo X ^S-^ud^CiC yA. as4 A*W «.x4 UtA (uXXa *A<X:X t AM.' -yydy^yy ,JLy -/<^ ■• ««* <*y^yyY^ ^ X /d, V^/cX, . ^/-^yj^ ^ Xw./^ ^ y^ ^/W. M. «aXX,, V<*a.X y^Ad^y ^ y^Adr^ ^dcV€,X, /W,M^^ ^ sUiy^-U. cp>*~JL, OMA* |V^ , \yAdoC\AyAo 1881. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company (D-81-26) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] ■$/ 466/6 t/<6/&66 JS^C ^///^ a&a&txpO <&yud 4& * c&xj/ke*^ ^^Lsezc/O <£iz&*trns <z6uzO ezvuti tz^ngjej /a~ /& «Bz£^c€>^ O'^d'Kp, <Z*oy Ctf#S?pi5 eznAeO *?g/& tpy sfW/C&t'&VtJ /1ttZ£?& ^ ^ ^ ??l£Z£& Ot^S '^A&tr^- t/o tto 6U<6^^o' $d(Z*f ■/tfe/gvc^ 0W& L0ic£c*r*t?6’/ ttoxx/s ff7&u*;^/6iyC6Jl, #-66 ezo 6* <?4is>x/^aes&&£/Z^- ~$4 *%?//£ ^6b 1 tcecjc ^^HUW'ZJMslf /j/ ^JSGSOW-jfe*' ~'(/(f/(/ /2~ :/266^6,c£ 640 6Z& ^4^4446/4 (/p’/^o/e^yl*/ 4^ 4?4Z(^ 4Z0t4&&444&// J t^6& ^£&td&66%z4^r (/s' 6i6<6^-&&46& -jZj&U-^f ^S6£&c^ tp/fa/ £Z6 <6& ^ 644 (^p/itO/Z^S &6?t40 40^ //t 6446%*. *6<J 640 /U<4^ (6^464(1^4764 Ct6C6^^>£6^r2^6 6e^oc^ m-ex^ y£, 6*404444666 ^ (%4r?*4.(Z4 a*/ $zi(c66)6' /£cr.&6 <7JX6L 6&>/ eW46^C&6j&476 e&H6£ 4^S0y6rZ44(^6€>/ 6(4*46 664 | /tat/J^ wta-Ae, C0yi6^z&6& 4244406 6^3^4646^ sixsxk, °3zgx/7-£-^s I G^rr/peim <^69iy^>c6'i4y/ ex^tpC 444 J/ftray 4& j ^6VC6^T-if C6Vta^£&o&6& cou.60/^ /6444Z66 /26e66S6tJv6^^6l4SS66e6 j '£^6?e<^’ 6x/c(70(/6zP/b44, 6&4S£6K^ 'rt4& ^l&UZls&>-?6 (4x6X0/ 990 <96440 I 1614*66 £a4e06t6 C4664T>7't46/(<7 ^4424X67666666 -P7fX> C646c6 6444 09-60 | 0*46499(0(4 6c6/^6 Cc£O0^>P-C66.c6€4(^6 (Z4<4>6 & 4946(4^6 6644-40/6 (260^6- j c<444&^ e</?6C>e-c6b 646(66 i c/£/i(d>t4 64^6 464'6^66o^s 0666904(6-6406 (^~ | •2464660 660 9946/ /?<666yta6/ 61/ -4(4- //(-( 0*40499-44-- 0/0(40 660640906(1*4^ j 664 //(0 0U*60 /* 0174446466(46 2^ /cfrUT-rfy 99940 /(- 4t(? Yfj 49(6 //(-6(44 j 6/(4 646/5(4(4, 444466 69<xY4(t444.(444( *6~ (p6 _ 6Z4/644 (/>6Z/40(4<Z~ 46- 424446 J&-* I 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] ^ aA& m.-y ■C44tfc9t£<ur?vSs &6-4-€xrir(ylsC&r/ ^ 6&&&C&S 02s /ZrActAZf^ /A> ^^Lo- -v^*-'c ccwcertA~ /^^LAcsictAsrpcs SAss s*tnw-p*<^ <?y^r*un?y zu i&ctAAy , - Z'tZM&tryia £&j a^£y r?-?«tr>-o ^oytAZctsAavz^ t&sc/L&tfcjzZs ss-o ^ZasszC -^CC^nAess S/'./jyf J? 7&Z<^ (ZZtAoies ty?puy, vysz/es S~-SfA? J A^j^Aesznzryy \&A6tc£ duAAaAn*. a^’ cAcAwy*A/zz!A^ zc//AAAA&TyA's^ f/TS/y/' a**et£ xZzAi, £U*A <a./' cuy Az^te, aAe 'ttt*e*t£Z?v &'&Ate*</^aAyA <yk>-cscts<k, & n'sfAts^ c&wete&t, *r/g- £ce*cj# a"S/i*v /zo^fe-Ar <myty aAt ns n^tyr tAAuy**o /Ae-zttf£r& ' I^-?t**z**zyy Ar ?>u<JL' ^s^s,d(uz^ sz/^yA, ticALnuALa^*-, tyecctAZ 6 zw AkAA^ aA& cA^cA/ encA^cA awcsc^Ar nisAt^z, . -ettA ’^aexSf^ o*<uj^7n9t6t<A~ <tr Ai&uste*, <cnzAA<y ^czey, C/Czna-cAt, 6ctfu.'a£ <?mLy A yceczsi^^e^ A^e^cceZ^—. 1 fry/ y’/ysyts O/Auiyjs A*~ ^ ?srtMi-tJu*A- x&rJA ‘ZkepxzS’ cyferr&nt Q^Lj/ eyy^twx't tzy&nny^*, ^y^yA^ej ^ Ztxcezun -zy/ ps tAzyizaA^/^n' Azssusyu A A/ ,cy ' ys/ A Agrees &stA6 A&ytztMsz/cess/cs cAcjcns- -6ka, &A'oc£s rt'&y&ss’ jy?cz£yc£ ar^weet/sSctt' *(; 7ns.' /t^rstts ^tfr/H/sn.'iy y '//¥&, srrj&f*. yTrrTt^ia y/ etftty ^tttx&ixsznzZe. <& ens ^u^sc^y y^.ML64&or &cesrstes ^nj07%iev/ teste* 7v <^fy 'T^y&s s*e vows SiWfe' s dcs^e* yy&' ety'tie&testZ- y y^srt2es sts Gcyeet*&c& ftp y4x*H* ste^6^e>^ise^ 6ts.7f£&> t7tsn>u£irj4s 7r'^>a/e7o£~ tn* atst-as y~ ez&yh*y£st' 'tye&u&Tts ^tsu^ TtrLt -z/b assets ^ otte^y eet&^&y'ter^tKsdeiw!' tn* ysasgt^eC 6 tk,^ jS^yte- &£& cdaa-ac&ts aMszO^r)' yfe; etsssets/yres eyiren&xsfs a/- etsy | /&&<■£; ‘tfc/zace t*s^flet7tc<a/<*f S*' /f/ty GtseC ^^ss essaC s^ttiCsseis-yigsfy 4" *?/ 'G^Gy t^s^ecensy&ts^ /cc/zy/£^j&n>*'y 7*pt \^GstO G./fastey,?' y£k, taxed ‘&i^t&/<cyZs?y£i*is asset- <0<t7ty6c't*^fr ■ sSt jCy/W&y y y&t£<yy&es €> y feztfte* dtsccs&Zxr 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] Her Britannic Majesty’s Consulate-General, New York. I, EDWARD MORTIMER ARCHIBALD, Esq., Coj.pamo.v op the Most Hosoium.* OnnEit op the Rath, HER BUITANNtO MAJESTY'S CONSUL- GENERAL, pok tiie States op New York, New Jeesev, Connecticut, Rhode Isi.and, go limb]} (Kmiftj, Timt affixed ti> tlie Certificate Iiereuuto a . " . iiuaiiHUAuii, aru me triio Signature and Seal of (AxCJlCLXCC, C ' (D (CDrCt&LC "ho was, on the day of the. ditto of said Certificate, a Notary Public, in and for the State of NEW YORK, Iniy commissioned and sworn, to whose Official nets faith and credit are d"o 3WIim0f, I do hereunto set my hand and seal of Offie the CITY OF NEW YORK, this T/LLT/L^/l . _ _ -lay of fylA CLrtaJl - ■„ the year of our Lord, thousand eight hundred and wreffiy &.'C?YvYy CTK^J. 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] yftfwua d m s’isisyCstsi.-L-', X.CuCiot A) UCCAsIaXcAJ i/'f /£"y S' A"! dUA-tOy '■ Aolwie-vd o/Atroui. CL.1 CL. ^cIaaLoiaJ A'Udce.t ddtyLcj. cuaj o^- ’cL •lew edict ,^i.ccaX, cuacC $ J7clM a poiA-cC AAd.o U't/otsisO-y c%fo'tA/'\~&4sf CCa diAXdXie cj , t'j* die tAtA,cA> cviMi '^2 cCtA-irtAj Vt /mj- coot/ ^6n c-Ccl-Gs And. e^tA/dju, d\icuc<d^cAAj>.cO A' -rOa eci dlA.AAXi.td ClKs 6aa3 A A-rj/nJ;', lvl/c a^d(, aaaAajoUt ■<Aa> C/aJaAOw tA'isO t*..vG.<riAA AAA, dciACt AAAA^CU<AAiAAsiAyt>- ottd- cdde-eO' Ori^A,<d OtA,(jeA£iX tiliei id cut d du.ueXXLo -/urdeG, . ' v '6 <Jlah\/ Aiiii 'CuuJLC} claaoI ce-uuoCisfAA'iAA tAA, Acia-X Maal/AaOJ- 'lAAUAAst' CUA-r-i /^M.C£c*u<XaAM^, A,o\, IA.O d-uc.ereucC oaXZXXaa tA f \-Ud"i- -/-fry- cA. _ " _ . dY 0~lAJ '^trf (da 'j-lAAA^Ii.^triA, ^ tACJt.C.<AXAAA.j, sda ^tAdVLA - JA>-\AA 0^ dcULot CLtJUtlA'UUCAstsC .CtA' A-Zd^ULAyt" do dir (Aaj - 'VtAAitidlAA Aa AlXo(, dj deAAAJ OtAJ {aaGlL , tlciAct d'ccdduu, CVtA-ci di un,t.<-j f cuo J/lIaaXaaa ua a^crteActA-cO <Xq ■Apa/lAi- OuCjAjtt/ Aa-uCAj QaUaCcL Xto'VcyVlAsV OuulcG A& OAaaXuaaaaA dAaaC X' / • v .... / - / '*oj.. eCvLCsisj! Lsv\J' <t) CCCCA' dAslAXL'C'CJL'X t OLOveds '{AAXjCs AA'iX-Sl.'i/^sxJ <?U (Ar £d\jCtXs IS t ■jAtdl'Uu dovtAA' to {aaaa-O , tlA) tAe./ /LucjAX : CA.tCnr Cl.cl.cG .Oo-UjaaGC <rjt doXuO-ClsV AA,y CUtA.oC /tb ClAslA-l f j 1 ,t/u. tAAAJC^,c£<Aft£d ' d-t^-O-lA-dC CtAsGycXly OtA ■-{(, /j,\,CuCoiA,t] Pr tiooC ClAO ( Ac Ocid-jyCot tT’jj Ao(a.A li.ii; a,ry\.Lti,i,x,t,L.Xy \CootA tfuAt,,, , OLA td-CutcUdA,CcL tX* d cu-<?C 2. (lot tw l-tulA 0 ^ A) C CtL-iAA Ct.V J/X /$ y t dAcLjti- AcAyOrtA* 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] -Os CLsjAstxsO-Ulsrs (idts lA.ccouf' CsttLesv til UllLc (o A-Us)is . ., V„„ . y // • • Cfr /tctifc cuaoO out td cells or coup tri tin ccboistLc Ctd-4-.-cc^tsLt. ct < O'tiijAr IsoCljClColO .(SC's 0 j d ' OV o-cLas dluLll ifcb <L UU/ e-r e-upttsj coot up <nJ cx/t Cfxisc^s ,Us. ciAAct Lr it Ct tlO, CtAAsUs&t Msisdcuds CLjA-Us- slslsbtsl- Ur 0^- OrccoultA/ Jrt~/r/? cto citsCj asupuj 'fie; /’LCsCj/U-tAisCLci-' /t® c/.C Q'mcAst , d.{. O-bCj-C/SA/ I'^O tslA^VCtsVAsi-j .. - . d/1/ld' taut 3(ls//t.C / oto U>A.tA.j (XCpJ.Cs 'j-tJAslJuAS OvtsCij Q'UUX-cl 3JsOA,Cj at*/ i3p O'lsl'tsjt.CCtsxA.j, t CA-j-lstrisJ t/vr-as /LCtpcXJJ/U , jtf cccjbcccCc tilt ji eureA.e) rpt*/esu) /.*> tJitovv Q> oica-o-isv ip it) yjpu/tAJ 0'^ CVtAA/ cCcCld -iusu.tst/clis , .otsw /Upiescts to eluXsii cvi'Oesi Utvvu> C<rts6u.c(/ .ip 'tie/ c^pstectsiAj^tU e^~ QCsCtMA lev X/'t'/Sy f cut Osfc Cutup ItslAsO OAAotp s/surtr icUrU Ui« Asjiccs. ^1 ccclL-j aul-d-i cps i Lets 't .■ tt Ccu.cC lAsudUesC " sxs(r> , (x c.cUsCjsi'b isl. estStM,, /oCOOOCXj) c (lj.tsC.ij .IststsO esiss - ol ot(U/U'Jj'(e(sj ttu.es ov Ci.tp-p evt'isp O'P (Uec.lj .UstsJ e.^ Zulu h " (IcccJj jeCsVAsruC Cc/> /t'Uccuj -ics a.j\jov ooUd 'it QA.CX.ct sQ-O lCjCUsv ti<rtAsCptsCUst.j Co'J iQtsj nstA Cisj '^AATtu/ lot, trtAstZus O^asueLusu Ccu^iscu .Ivt.CL jli 0 1/t.C C (rots) rj-tL (XptXAsxsetstsU 0^ OtsCeAM.L j/'Q/ry /*.;, tLi lesLct. jou, v tou ct - - - — I Cl'lich tilt/ Aa.LC.l- 3cJ/Civ ctucl oUptiiMp </tUiXe*A, -Cl atA.tLo-ujva.iAd Q-xcdcCs Mepau lio-t j LCL tA I j M nil (l.o t-d nxUUpiA/ C.tlL-xJ tie a/Ltis 0 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] . Ouu\.cOu\J\,cCe,e>0 M •I'lSi/Cistd * /jytsUiO 'ti £l4' it COCXL J'XAA.xXjLi^ (rlsdA.O'iAJ or'p. cL O-QA’i-Cstn-'K-CMsfr Cs OL-Csj/OCt-T-JLAj ^CttAtri^V X^- 'f'OOt'L&l <OCHAsl'C- ^lAsV-L^iU t-uU o'j'-. Ctto CccjA,<Le^iA.c^{r d j' Z/^/Syg, <xv b> CucjUy^i.ea . o-i/ o-£/*ji\t/iAsoj/A.f.4 ,£& coa-*> cxt^O (slsL-Js 6- tsJ, ClLC OY COt-istj C''^ /xXfe CLAstzXs \iJx~(A.coi/i/l a,!) CCt" Ctvi*~j Li-wi o /IrtxUZcC dccocC l2i AX&t&ls} XAyL^CiiAJ X Ct i tl «f /«$“ ffj?‘ _ _ _ _ _ _ J4fr if'ifo'bOU) jfftOltoi-feA.asvo A*u**vM "dvtr OX4/tX /'IClsL^cU. a. isL.C't - - cttx-cf 0-^ r)~Y^-ASL~ - o-vub cuajtO g^eC ^fW^; V’ '^ypuj %r/z \j; Oe^rsit/ti gtc^ y ’-Jt(ZyC& rs/-.3. '/yf/ tphr, nte cct-zn,, Xp<ut.£ S? lO. £pa-vet**y '/SiSetst&urcy, £ a^c <£“***. £" y^e. c/t-isi'eXix.aJL. cX&*G4X6icXi e*t, cct^cX. Cv&° ^ocmfccXj i?/uy /yLu. Xe-e^aXX, 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] Her Britannic Majesty’s Consulate-General, New York. i, EDWARD MORTIMER ARCHIBALD, Esq., Companion op the Oiidkh OF Tim Bath, HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY’S CONSUL- e Status of New Yoiik, New Jeusev, Connecticut, Rhode Island, 5^0 tlCtfby Tint I Imvo reason to leliovo that the Signature subscribed and Seal affixed to the Certificate hereunto annexed, nro the true Signature and Seal of (ftickaxd. £ CnfS'LOLLL who was, on tlio day of the date of said Certificate, a Notary Public, hi and for the State of NEW YORK, duly commissioned and sworn, to whose Official acts faith and credit are duo. in WitUWJi Whmof, I do hereunto set my hand and the CITY OF NEW YORK, this day of 9/l'lOLTCCA— ,n the year eight hundred and^jjEC^” Ol/(j2_j • 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] Qaa* /(aaaj >(/CaaA/ ctccGccLC AOc- - ■C'tylA/iytcA/ J I eisTStCtctj!- Cl4't.c>G 0-vclosj (X> 'fbctuifrw tfn.e' '^Ajiyfrj’x.ciAjr, D-ttcciJ' iMsocxjcuv _ ' f'U/UUXjj o^. tlffj LljC.<CCtel> /j'TsCiSlstr CtA^-cC fbcj/C&to !s. t/etAhct' Octet PUxrtM-tActV fP cPtrusiiAj cue i %ce£tZZe CpcXpodd -juXAytr (Jw detect PbcLtdXnst GtCyVtCcO Ad CcdxLo^ht aJLL Alia AA/C^lot] Add/c ceetet /t-isL i(xXjcZC~ tee CdAdLccccti 7% detect /jcccCtdio rj- tide dJuAxd' -j'cc<Asfc- cc^txnc Apo/ hddedZis stie detect exc^tcestsistcctAr (djeeitestAxcO- _ _ _ . PYtTtd Aac CCCsC'CCcCoa-t/i' C'^- tPi/ ■^AxrvcelAAri'Le) dctect CccjA, ttslsie ee-t'id CLccct /jActAsti, t^eeC ayL-(^ <r^ (PedecrhieO etcecuLt' dJtctctr^, acted '^trt tAtd Ccct^asedeA^oCtcidt LpedtcZ /jL<jbtCot CictoL etc '^uAeCivev Cdstsut cdtAcctdcidtu &hveX OMxaaJ ^tCeect to ei'htt, tt-ej' (PL V detects '^Cj/UiAo P ePetMAus Otctd ^clt-ciLAJ ds^o f (P o-O iMttej -(hc^o-io £pc '(Leech ssiTZj, eacdy cAclovcta "Ateteo^, ctetoL ,tptc /'cesCJtjcf'iJre^ utAccA Cc Acte. Pxc CtxJkceo-LAsdccl^ eet, \J' tlu.1 dceed APflsCryWU) CA/.ScCt&tLVV ax> Ausicf’iA, /U/.O Octet cc4^ujc^v u Ai~ dccectpLt^'Cd'Co . J^oJj'ijAAJ ctiAcU Plhx)j'VP?'lA)V- ffijtqiOdMf Cttt 'Tieei^'- /LtC^lvC, teAstc Octet IaAA2AsOcC~/(Asij iPtis ^ oAd/OCU-lcte^ .-hottcAJ sjtCetZctt/ <r^ llxc tCiAictect ypocet^otcec is ^'ttUectr /^icteeeec OLCtet S'X.e.f'Ct^tstcts she ccvcttlej . ' xLCiXpv feddesiO /^UcCdcxA) As) - diced' hr nevus aiadect (AcAatAcas Zl*A /?y% Clcud .A/ceceiActccO. UZ'tks^rY CLtc >VwaJc\ trVteisistteteiA etc (Puts cvetsCAsO'cC 1 OLctci 'i/veCc-tttsJ JbteoOtccj CA-iAstestsisCa Acxj'AsCtcuj '(sec tAt-oOtcccAj / Ct£jJ>. LLiAscJw AxtCCi 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] '■jvcotcA'ifo ,l<uu+e.cl> '<$ cUauaxyC §AAl^<jA, /^nW, Oai cu Cirv^v'i'i/iA^.'isvr, oo.Ja.uia. --^.a rtASU'toAJJ, cJciJodi Cia/ccC ^ iaasi/)/ uhe.A. cob i/S~0%j '^oY lot, fJjCcJx A Cohp Cl£<2 0 ^(aoI\/ Y(AXty\A j a/eyiA,C YYAL/aa^cC /o - Isia-o d.cctioC D C Cfsi-i-xAe-V /Sy Yj cvtAA-X oaovov-ia, Icaa^C C2> 0 l A^f v (JOIV AsOl'ojlAAn/OVl, bOUX. (A A-l»- ifu- ct'UUAA.LXAl 'jpt / d-tA/tL& jvovvtj/ -'t-vt'CiijjsiAJ.' (a.4siw eJ.Yc-Cx.co CaaAAAia.C Qa^.oC Ya c cJIaa, j ^f'f1 OlA-n /l.t -J J^o /' (Jl(A.-l-lA l-l'^CK tlA-UJ ^vj-- cU.cIaa/ - ' Cvtcj i CL(a>v Astcchj JlA.o i^isJ <c>xnfyi.ct(cAA ji.c<Xr.i'd; ,<A4aaaa?U ,li mac- cUx Orl tfcot-xe. Cj *4 /Syfif a, c-co ma. fauti, ?.</o2s, £y CdUj ; qJao A^iocMj Ja.o i^isJ <.t t.-x.aJy -It JCcaa joaJt.-t'ol; ,(A4aaaa?U -4 -/W d-cx (t,{. JuA-yf /'j‘{ jgyfij «.-L4A,V**Jou'd, r.t/O-U, 'j^r-Y (AshxjxAArX/'e-lsV'Xl'.t'K C~ .(,1,1. c(f cJ-l oO (lAj-fxJi YIaaM- Iasv C<y^-jxAlAA(Juj~ j- ty dot/cJc I'l.oiA.o, eJ.c c.CiA O ciAAAocA.x.Cj ntAcC /X.O{^a.(IoJ,uaj / Clit > Xch-tix. 4-I.L. ( t-VI'l f,y coved/ J CcClA) AoCt CLAsccO CdAtCcpsxJ Jo JaJcO £<^cdtz IP. JaM-x.i- a,t<-d &loj uouloy ^jto-unx^i ccCC Arvx.j UKc/ nice*-', tCCi Ut>. Cr/o mo.^, u<lo aiW/^w^ \Ciaj tfw lCvu.Ct.cl ,/tu-tt.cicCri‘i c trf l/-i ca£ fii tCcc<<A> YivocC J-ie/aA-uO. £A*.&A^trtcru£.JCAt*c& yavicC /Ax, ,Jt/o eA/Cc/.iiA />'/.. '" ' -XL C) Cl-iccC cfotroccj Ac-CCua/o' \CLLC /vtAAj c i-iA/OccCcat cJ r I I I iji- AlAA-eAcLc/ A,vu O-Y/UJcoCli-x-y Jv .n-xoci i cJ Jpf lilt tit l/C i'c^./Tlt-ttlr (F^ tlcoCLccs Ccovvci t Cj Cit/ccL l/it, Cc-^ijx Ct-ccclt et\- ' (&o cJ cttt-x o /lb UdCj 6 ^ cILloci-x.cu', trod. risvt c% -Ocas Cct crO Ji C CoCcaa-c^ , Ct tccC CtiL -cux/ij. /i ccj li.l, CoCh/ couxAri. l udcxi.i’-C ( t.-v, Co n.t cot (,t tA,o(£A) sltLLcA.J ^LCcCcrYct e ICui jccC ‘Jtonj fCfli-iu tr^- (fae..cx/;~ flxotccciv xccd J'lcCo. LLrCO dcccclt JsVtV Olsls&.criuj, t l'tsi.^Vl.C PO - ,-W'tonAd or tJcA-cCC.x t Cl- a. i-i-j f ^ cfxr,i.,v , ajcccv t/ic, CxiaCj, . AXCAJ A cC/vC CcJJt (AT hoc a.d Ac LC lu ou><Ui t'uoccC leer oJoUeO \ @ Cl cd(o J 7 0,1 lx o IXl/cd- J-iO Jl/Ol 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] -* Jj (Jt t v xlttjvtaCaoo /o c/u-o - J Jd/T, /* dcttcC leXtuu ^ict-Cooi/T ctt-icO -iMAJc-utContd <^ay CAa o/jcch Cl'i/Aol juv\ l'i.o-<u<) <y^ Cfw dcucC P'l /)c-0('Otl/tA/ J/'f /r/ft, CLd t/hc lCli^j XLeM ^AL-CAt' Oc\j (/ion , it. A- ci ( ^ cu vcCs^ttn^v time/ A Ctoi-if Jj, d-tit-Cht/Cf ctofr~ a-t tscC cCu/CO 60 ctddccj 11/ t/d jct-outt m/cowy 6V jlAA^Ot te-CjO CftCACttl tcilAJ , A*T (UAucJL fllA-dtrvo <rv fc$/ia*i~u> Cl t tci to. dice/, rtltCooiutCAj CLO nsi'CCl e^ CCtAccfc#, OA/ (xj^co-iA^tcd -Aj /dlCt/ll Ulo-VCjCciA, C 60 coi^ctt vie - &-tt^ tut Gcc<LO ficu-xil J ’UlCjtluv cjaooxjoctuojy dA-Cttl Yctvo ^cti/tcO <4 cUajvtlv 6^ , do liAAAACAjycJ/ or c-<r*i £v&£ttA-vct o^iaJota, - Aooi^i y\x^c/lAocC to cox, /Jit decoct ot c/etttde/ <r j~ dc-tuoO ^ CLOjAyCtAAAColA; <r^ QoC&UlAoV 3lAf~ /fy? Jc^M* /Ac J*t ctcttf ^ jf Clone OA'\. I / 9s6 ciioov <rov (Ao '^oUAw COixdC , t^furou deoicCtotd, ,oit xtrec/Zutcj iy^oio Alesn/c-cO oov dctJoC QacoccC, /(oiOj. CtUV ^ io-ouvl^cvio! Cist CLASuy Z/i oUJ .0 iStCLouo dt/c sWWOCtA-J CX-^CtA, t-L Cacj-tovctCioov ^ ^ C^A> ^txAxnrcO r /o Ae'Cvocvotj. £~ **u. cUO dct/cC ftcdbcuC, cooict oucuouUt/rTto ■do ccdd/e^utoct .Ci> cicoiuV' AJl/i-ccCT furtoeA/tAj ,/o~~&oocAj cuXd Cciaa oCcvx-cj. £t cc oi Acd or /icoCCtctC trr a.AiU> CotCo ezx>- -d-OO^Ol/WlCAsistj CIO A t; 71 7 lL ' ACCt CZAseCotlslt/ /tCOVO ActslsJ ■cuvcicio ci/u ej o-rcC ^ ola.cA -oootctiA, CAoo cCc^cc-ttotA. o~r cojcAtoout C-i-itOout Ain /)'Lcx.c£ ^CCtn^cy cttv \h A trout A. couu./ / ’ ,, • / , 7 / 7 . !' 'b-Ust cr WicAto-uLt' s^ux, coox-cL cJLzetv trj alL clctouuui etuteC dc-ootcol-tcto (rOu (Jo -jtct'tfj detect- A/totO-Clti) f 0~T Ctueij cjuAd erevo cCceooti.t-ut.oi Avj , t/urot^J try jU-vcgUaj (JLtttAj . 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] £)(J bmt»| That I have reason to believe that the Signature subscribed ?ml Seal affixed to the Certificate hereunto annoxe.1, are the true Signature and S ,1 OlLCkCULd. £ O'UbrtUUl who was, on the day of ti.w .late v.f Mud Certificate, a Xotary I daly commissioned and sworn, f., ,vhose 0 i and for the Stato of NEW YORK, licial acts faith ami cree §n Witness Whereof, i Ml my taml nniI acal of on£ the CITY OP NEW YORK, this (2-lCfA.fA. _ day of . VPl CtSLC/l . ln th0 ycar of out ,ord Ihousund eight- hundred ond^Stf^^^/z.^y 1 881 . Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81 -33) [PHOTOCOPY] 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] y^jiy£i*£-y>e&&4 ' c$z&zz£<z4foi^c& jde&rst^j&te/z^ e%??y>6 Sz&f/m, tzstyvzoti tymnet 6 Cf^ym/^0t0c^tb ■/£ /W £hz//(&c czs catfaan mtmvi’Zswj 0^'tZC, &&zr. -ac&r- gfafctfjett Cy&&rntw£ y , *dzce?n/frr- JS ^<f/J>_ 6&/£e£g£&/ ^ ^/t€0?>t06s/s cwj/Ysntvt^jy?^ t??^z0zv7?zg?a$ cvtvta facts Safari: y^i cda?sza!e& y&Ksasxg s<?4a^ Xudka ^ epeca^z •/s/Z&.SixsupC J%07?UZ</'Z ytft £#0^-^ 4a^r, oyuz0<i/ CsHSi^c^ 0*x*>C g^r^SL at*e6 c& -4wA, *?W^ <&u. s*z#t c*nc6 ee*a?C ezZ&z^ ~9ay yb ntx* ame^tU 09^aav^9^y/kxccs ewty£s 4&Ct&(/ & Ae/%s 0t<Z<U^iM_JCi-Hy&&^,?ry^/& <ZSW&r^, & a/yzn£#j ^ C0te#^cd6n^at*oj &vy6&*,j^ ^UccXyie*- -tOstm as 0#£z&y64&&y?z. /&z*& &L, avMV-ts&ns svy*<7i*»'ru&i<6y 0 iWw ^ ew&ni/iZcttkrt /^^aaC ^ cf9y/zy^ ^a^syi^^s^s Ot<^ S^rst^J^Cy^y^ C&e'**&'^eKi&46 . I <xXtcX, c%£ ^ J/- 6&& d&w/rHCtc&s ^ ‘Wid e&!j*e6'-c#&!c£A%£cc£6 /n*£ azaac^. *uu76 &aa*aaA, a*zz/&u, a*tc6 Joeuvr^ ’ &wa&ck&<> y& oa/a^hs ez*<4?6s6cv>is0&o azao- -afctoobct/ at <7/4{er-4w£t6s^ Ay/zsJ^&5 ^rv 'C€*te&#' <u^c£ t i?*/e<yt£<r?z(f/ -ev?yi&0z/&w4?i& cde&zc&d aa &&&£** ybct/£rz£' o^7?£*>e£C66f cvrh zA^y arts; m^Atycvmtj, & p?ex*Ai 1&ce*nz*> zrr camaJ ^<y cedin' a*y rfitto ZAyHyAA/A^9tCA6 A9Vfse44<£?Xyf Aw/ZAATy&triyytAy^ A<!eAZy^y yy &A?- ~/&U ^C Z&ffrt, C/y^AA AAc &?£fy AA^tr&y CSZG*Ge&7^ Aazca>C 6tm6 tyisyv ^a-n^o <24 C^y&ACAAf ,■£ Wf, <%AAf^r?^/Ae&^Ay£xr>y£l e#>ec6t&f tAAArfb, azazaC C&Zi&eAJ, aa^ Ayz^A^AZArtr^ awiaC czs 29ty c*zy& et**^ e&Azty ct^6 cz^tuyyiAyt^/ c<wo#ice*t&/ e^yJtAAWA*A& A^Act/(es a^u^nt£^& &C6W-&1J *y <4* It^rdfit^ ^AAyc^AAAt^Zzy AzAasuxC yytAryf &?tSyZAASzz4^ aa/6zj&*aa, ^L.y6<£&/wyu*t£ A^#»ty azxza6 cte%rz<Kpf/ AA^eyAAAAzzAzzzzv^ I a ’AtAf A^ y^t^ipC /C4ft/0C4lS-t^/?t£4}6/ ^p&c/C44&??1*/t ■g'Z4^lsZ<7ZS&???-e&Z/& c&c^c&f yy &&zey ^aa&*za5 AcczAyafe^zz} y^r &£?, <z/iA&AzytA?fyr7A4A<^~Ai&A. AZAteAZArw /rfAAZSyAZ's -'AAy’A^ (y^ZZ^AMZ^ &?A??y(>AA*U/r ■AysZy&L^AZA'At' A? J 29^Z A\ CZCaC e%^&Z* ZA^<? ee*tyts6 ^^AtAZZ^yCrvy yZ^AAyAZ^Z^Ct^. a//?j*' az&vnctfS at czz%yi*teAf ^5s^ ^!^^ift^.s^5**<s=i!? >^^<5es<!5?Ti^(:^ tmc£ & AZATt 9^y^^J^AZAA^y^/2AAA^AyZAZ^i!^!AZ^ ^ AZizA _ -Olz/icbo. — ^^yyt^b^Cty/y Attdy'&htA /7v AA^^y^yk^ /L aazcaC <2&&a&s ^j£e. &Afy££*9tAtAt5 A^ L ZtyCc^Acc&s ^z^zaa^at a^Z^a ^yAZ9zA^z^A^A^yiAAA^ zza z^aaaAazca^ a^- | y&me>La(c t6? A9^AAZZA<y adfot&fi/ Zvz£au I y^ A^c/y ^ ^z^yC odAy^Azzo^ AyCzz/*^ ^L &A*zzZkAC atieAs ata tpGtz&i, ca^ca^^ tv^dbyis^tyfr a^aza^^& ^AAyA^^Afzy A 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] P&UIZCA/ ^eA^^~a^lAyfOeze>C tyfyy y%^?SyZS ASy^ZMA <T^ StAtAAtViZ* xZ&£ mzy- /Cz-yU^u #?to T^Czzof-Arnty^ Auzysfe *de,ce£teC a*uC c&4u&*ec& 1 Cw £&l jbzesAyvoe- J /ZocA/xa^ d* (Px/tf/ZstAtA \t&ca& /rfcdew%4rf' ^4tc*sz,c-£ -*? £■ /f<r/„ faj&tA' <?nts /uwyieidZ, c&ryiAj 1 3?£&ncz</ ■& mo y/gymtnmu ezme6 '<&yt0zmy -6~ -muz- -£ & - 6ncfalv 'c>&cAi£ c&*czAdAe* 6 -on ct*te6 tv&> eACACodLc6 ~££oy&Zyt ct*tc6 £o y^Att. 2* -mu /fi£ct£~ &o efyyeccAy&e^- -&Uy >Ac&m£y ceyytA^yy&y -£^l- ocueu amie^y’ yittft^ty) &as rtAAStem- -mtAfz^uryieye^y^ _ tJ?Z/ tfutf(y??T*riAf ij^ y^Ax^yey dzyuzx*v£' my -dcVKA# amcty C^fAACe-c6- m^- 'KJ&MZAlgy yUe,AXJ?y 6^c ^^Tt£y etezy cyfoeircXy cu£ ■$■ //*/*/ _ _ -^^cXzZA-c^y & 0y$/ZAAtAy '^Atyftz.c- tyfiyy & fcxy2S:J&&cX'y yy- 1881. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom (D-81-33) [PHOTOCOPY] Her Britannic Majesty’s Consulate-General, New York. I, EDWARD MOKTIJ1EU ARCHIBALD, Esq., Comi-aniov ok the Most llowuau Ononn or run Bath, HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY’S CONSUL GENERAL, ron the States ok New Yoek, New Jeesev, Coeeeccot, Rhooe Iseahh, Ju hereby ©ertity, That i hilvo rcas0Il to BeHovo „iat tho Signaturo s,lbflcril)C(1 anneal nffixcil to the Certificate hereunto annexed, arc the true Signature and Seal of ^WdtCLKOL. C. O'tfirtOZU Who was, on the day of e date of said Certifieato, a Notary Public, in and for tho State of NEW YORK o whose Official acts faith .and credit a |ln 'iiifltC'ilS 'StVIlCWOf, I do hereunto set my hand nml seal of Ofllco tho CITY OP NEW YORK, this <ZU. Cf - - day of QlrtCl/lCfL - „1C Jcar of mlr [orJ 0 thousand eight hundred and ZUZ.d, 1882. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom - General (D-82-39) [PHOTOCOPY] 1882. Electric Light - Foreign - United Kingdom - General (D-82-39) [PHOTOCOPY] i' 0 # at.# 1884. Edison, T. A. - Employment (D-84-13) 1884. Edison, T. A. - Employment (D-84-13) 1884. Edison, T. A. - Employment (D-84-13) . 4r~ . c60 f . /^C-O ^vCoPt. - . p&ue.. j\j& /&... QjLtUU& . <s &~C/- .. _ ..^<^0. _ CH^tSt) .CL^B-i/i&^ &&&... . — . . /^^LnJty<L^ . <2iE^v QtAO^S. S*J-~ . (Z^3l£sL^ . _ /^C^. OyJfcv'C. OAAsSLWV' d>~ 1885. Edison, T. A. - Book and Journal Orders (D-85-10) [1885] ,vt LVcrf&A YtZtv** . U/^j ^ v; <" ^)\ i/*v L 1 tsiu f? |4wir= h P*^ b-o c l 0 %-0-Q % <r^ /,*’ V5“ cdu> ^ lvW~- ■ fe vf-JA.'—n Vv^"* (i/j f)i.inn^' Crv^ j»J»f"1^ U/V^ ^ ^ fW*«T7 4 k r- f- -- ^ ;( i'-o /,^ ‘>7r /. <n> I ^ 2^1 CW^ j cp' jLi^&b^-* T ^ 2- f <=r'° f^no 1885. Edison, T. A. - Book and Journal Orders (D-85-10) [1885] 0 C- m 1/ 'z. | r . . £j gjcfcer*-* f L ^ c,B^- Qt'%ei\i\er ycc&f* S-T * * (iT'fl^tcL 5>CPuu^ J5 V^.Cj%£ - ,60 rgr Iftro ej J ertfiv^ ^Kujwc-vj - ' '"f^*"' f - 3 cr-£> / \~o f s~& 16-0 \KirO y jsuj* ^ 3, V* /X° iC L ^ ^ WT* if^ 7 ' " * v — ~A~ a t^X-^c^A OtS^ffiv^ r v~* ¥(^ i,y* 7~s <r* -Z> *"» I? "'7 1 i ' u d'i^Ctfii'+i ctfiufo' *' l ,.crt> >■ ^ kf ' 1 1 ^ 1886. Telegraph (D-86-39) [FROM ALFRED O. TATE (INCOMPLETE)] (Philadelphia; .*]./ . 188^ J/tt (n't /3/KJ-^lJy^^j a/^jrw/'£/0^&2M£ds \ t^uuUCy A/i^ yUy^ ^(^n/nJUs&d^ rfbvM#X/ ft '■ ft/t/djLAAyft 1886. Telegraph (D-86-39) [FROM ALFRED O. TATE (INCOMPLETE)] 1891. Edison, T. A. - General (D-91-02) My dear Mr .Edison, Ever since J have received your grand present ,J have turned about in my mind, how J could embody the mark of attenti¬ on which J was longing to put before you so as connect it in some way or other with the line of business which J pursue. J could not send you a gun for your own private use. At last J have conceived the idea to put together an arrangement of writing table implements out of models of guns and projectiles. Although the work has finally not turned out as taste¬ ful as J wished it to be , J may say that it was conceived with the best intention and in handing it to you J beg to assure you that its accomplishment has been followed by me with a most keen and hearty interest. You may like to know that J have presented a duplicate to His majesty the German Emperor and that said duplicate is the only specimen in existence besides yours. J sincerely beg to request you to kindly receive the small gift as a mark of my great esteem; should you ever make Essen, 6th April 1891. /&/ 1891. Edison, T. A. - General (D-91-02) 1891. Glenmont (D-91-33) PROGRAMME MATINEE MUSiCALE. /T\r5.J^omas^.^d-ij5op' “GLENMONT,” LLEWELLYN PARK, ORANGE, N. J. Saturday, May 1 6, 1891, at four o’clock, /( (Through tfte courtesy of Mr. Frankun SqNNitKAi.it.) I llakuai Circle of 'The Kings Daitghiers of Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church. Benefit Fresh Air Fund and Flower Mission. 1891. Glenmont (D-91-33) ®P rogra m me. Tile following Artists will assist Miss LILLIE P. BERG, Soprano, Miss FLORENCE MEIGS, Contralto. Miss AGNES STEWART, Contralto. Mr. FRANKLIN SONNEKALB, Pianist And also the following Singers, (Professional and Amateur). SELECTED FROM iMISS 71HRGS VOCAL CLASS. Miss Ml NX IK AITKEN. Miss MAItY AXUELL. Miss MIX NIK FRIEDMAN. Miss OA It HI K FOX. Miss LILLIES M. tJUACK. Miss KDITII LAUTKKBA01I. MrS. EDWARD LAllTEKB ACIl. Miss CLARICE LUDLAM. • Miss FI.OREXOK MK1CI8, Miss BIRDIE O'NEILL. Miss MINNIE O'NEILL. Miss MINNIE C.-yiTlX. Miss HARRIET V. PALMER, Miss SELMA. KOTHSTE1X, Mrs. ROBERT S. SIMMONS. Miss K ITT IE STEBB1NS, M iss AO NES STEWART. ' Miss MARY VAN BEITREN, ; ANNIE MEYER. . Miss ALICE E. WEIL.. i.KONORE WOODWARD. Miss z/ILICE Bl.AKF, ^Accompanist. if: A a KTlTI)K No. 1. Op. 35, (Aeolian Harp) • - h. AN A CHECK. - "To his Lviv" - Sohhrtalh Mil. Fll VNKLIX SONNKKAIJI. D r KT. NVw (Bullion ted to MissBei-o.) Miss Lh.uk I*. B|iim. Miss Florence Mk a “Comment jlisnipiiMls ?“ ( ‘iMMiiiont. ilipaicnt-ils, oiddier tpa-relles. misere* et perils ! Dtrint-A. ( Comment. disaiontiK enchanter les belles sain* philtres 6ittails. Ainu /> “T wilt* April. - - - Ami two tittle* llow'r* were Kid in your liair, Yes : io your hair.— On that <lny, gone by ? Yes ! shady nnd dry : We sat in tile shadow. We looked at the leaves, We looked iit the skv, Wo locked at I lie brook which bubbled' near by. Yes ! bubbled near by,— A bird sung on the swinging .vine. Yes ! on the vine, And then sang not : .*' ■ - -r I took votir little white hand' in- til i no.: ’Twas April, ’twits Sunday: ’twos warm sunshine Have you forgot ? Miss LibUE P. Berg. FAXTAtSIK ESPACINOLK, (first time) ‘ - Dcdiu a Madame de Barrios.- Mr Fhanjcun Sonxekalr. ' Soitnckalh 1891. Glenmont (D-91-33) |rogramme. " King Rene’s Daughter. The Gantata, - KING RENE’S DAUGHTER, ConJutifti by Miss Lillie Berg. Smart. ■ . No. 'i. Thu* jin«l tJiioRts. {»rack. Miss Agni:s Stbxvaut. AUO IT SI K NT. lolanthe— daughter of King Kene, (.'omit of I'mmitv- lias all knowledge of tin* faculty of sight withheld from of the missing souse ; but the king lias refused permit loliinthe'a betrothed, wandering as a iroulKidour. lights upoi out kifnwlng her— for a territorial loud has kept th enthralled by her beauty. lie does not know that s and lolanthe is restored to sight. This story is five) v adapted from Henrik Hertz’ drama. No. l.—OVERTUHB. No. ^CHORUS.— Vintager Valley of golden grain ! Valley of vineyard bowers !— ^ Here the rosfrdny of summer is long. Here the glad autumn Tito is held meetest With golden leavM e-huplet and song. Ooiiti'.ilto) Ajct> OHJItU.-*.— t7}if<wr*. See how gay tlie valley shines In the early morning hours— And thu Mlver olive 1 Movers ! Sight to her is all unknown f StilUhev pay th’ enehnnt^r’s pow r If hut lirsf tA aid the iprdl One her loss to her may tell ; •Loss that lov v has long donee How sweet in such home to re Ever ceaselesBia their Ui>1' . Of the daughter of the king. . E DISO N BUILDIn'o') .AtXt/?/#*& sAfJz, 1892 : A. Edison Esq., ^^CEI V"j£_£) Orange, N. J. > (,t ,JUL 13 1292 ■■ ;<; Dear Sir : Atts’cL - 18 f ”2 - — . fruu?, You will probabiy fen ember that last Summer and Pall there was considerable correspondenc^and work done in connection with some assignments by^otrto the Brush 'Electrical Engineering Co. - as to your patents in Australia, New Zealand, India, Ceylon and South Africa. Your original ^agreement with the Edison's Indian and Colonial Company provided that you should be entitled to a free and exclusive license under all the patents for purposes of loco¬ motion on railways, tramways and comnon roads, such license to be You will remember also that in 1889 the Indian and Co¬ lonial Co. was succeeded by the Australasian Electric Light, Power & Storage Co. and later by the Brush Electrical Engineering Co. The assignments of your patents to the Brush Co. v/ere sent to you for execution and you submitted them to me to investigate, the^ mat¬ ter. After^ thorough investigation, I advised you that you could execute the assignments, anjd that .you were entitled to the fx^e and exclusive licenses in the va'rious countries for locomotion- purposes 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [PHOTOCOPY] as provided for in your agreement with the Colonial Co. I pre¬ pared a fonn of such license, which was approved by you and after¬ wards executed by the Brush Co. All this, however, had to be done through Messrs. Waterhouse, Winterbotham & Harrison, of London, and they now send their bill to me for their servioes and disbursement^ as well as for an amount paid by them to the Solicitors of the Brush Co., Messrs. Renshaw, Kekewich & Co., for their services in regard to the completion of the license from the Brush Co. These two bills amount altogether to ^47. 18. 6, for which I desire to send a Bill of Exchange to Messrs. Waterhouse, Winterbotham & Har¬ rison. Will you please therefore send me a draft or Bill of Ex¬ change for this anount, to the order of thatfim, payable in Lon¬ don, and I will write to than therewith, if agreeable. Very truly yours, 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [ENCLOSURE (PHOTOCOPY)] ( — —c^~ — y ex. — <\jl ^(/ gZ/fct-^/yl/l^. <y. ^y~ 6-t>? ,-eA-C/Ce^'V ^Ctf-ylyTyiyb i> V #y- «^L, ■VlSaJ 1 892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [ENCLOSURE (PHOTOCOPY)] 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [ENCLOSURE (PHOTOCOPY)] 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [PHOTOCOPY] (1) In my letter to you of the I2th ult., I suggested that you send me a Bill of Exchange for the above amount drawn to ..the order of Messrs. Waterhouse ,Winterboth$m & Harrison. You may remember that this bill was for work done by said law firm in connection with assignments of patents by you under your origin¬ al agreement of March I, 1883, with the Marquis of Tweeddale, et al (Edison Indian & Colonial Company). Under date of the I5th ult, -Private Secretary Tate wrote in reply to my suggestion as above, and said that you were under the impression that D.M.& Co. and G.P.L. had a contract with you relative to Australia, and that if this were so, they Bhould pay this bill. After thinking the matter rover carefully, I have decided not to broach the matter to them until I hear from you after you shall have read thiB letter. (2) The only writing between you and the part¬ ies above named is a letter from G.P.L. to D.M.& Co., dated MaTch- 25th, 1880, stating that an arrangement had been made for D.tt, ifcCo. to have sole control of your inventions in Australia S.C., all ex* ponses to be borne by D.M. & Co, and net proceeds to be divided as follows, thrity five per cent to D.M.40o.(of which G.P.L. was to receive one-third) and sixty five per cent to you, the title to inventions and patents to be assigned to E.P, pabbri and G.P.I>, as Trustees, under trusts similar to England. This letter iB all there is. No contracts appear to have been drawn, and nothing fur¬ ther appears to have been done between you and the above parties. Presumably the above arrangement covered your inventions relating to "limiting, heating or motive agent*. Whether D.M. & Co. would have any interest in electrio railways under this arrangement i id perhaps debatable, and there is no writing to settle it. 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [PHOTOCOPY] (3 ) Under date of October' 2nd, 189^, I wrotp a letter to Mr. Tate on this general matter, from which I quote aa follows: * I am told that Messrs. Drexel , Morgan A Com¬ pany have never paid any of Mr. Edison's expenses touching •experiments and patents for these inventions. Consequently, •there is some reason to hold that they have lost their rights, •and that Mr. Edison can pretty safely go ahead and act on the •hypothesis that he alone owns Australia. As a lawyer, 1 •cannot say that he may safely do this; but he, as a business •man, may conclude to do it and take his charioes** (4) It would appear from papers in my possess¬ ion that on March I, 1883, the Edison Indian & Colonial Company paid you«*25,000, in money, plus 5,000 shares of A. Stock and 5,000 of B. Stock. Did any of this go to D.M. A Co. and G.P.L.? If so, the fact that you divided said receipts with them may be deemed to have given vitality and renewed life to the above men¬ tioned letter of yaroh'25, 1880. But if not, have you ever dofle anything else to recognise the binding effect of said letter of 1880 f (5) You may remember that your above mentioned agreement of March I, 1883, with the marquis of Tweeddale, obliged him and his assigns to give you, at your expense, exclusive licen¬ ses for railway purposes under the patents whioh you had assigned pursuant to said agreement. Those licenses have been given. they were prepared so far as your interests were concerned by Messrs Waterhouse, Winterbotham & Harrison. The agreement.: prdvidedthat these licenses were to be given at your expense, and the above men¬ tioned bill- from that firm is to cover said expense. (6) Whether it is best for you to pay this law bill yourself without calling upon D.M. A Co. and G.P.I.*, pr wheth¬ er it is best for you to now call on them to pay it, and thus re¬ vive the old agreement of 1880 and thus acknowledge them as part- . nerB in your railway licenses, are questions for you to decide. If you decide to let matters stay as they are, and not to revive just now the <ji6stion of participation, please send me a bill of exchange made out as above. 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [PHOTOCOPY] An ycwfcoosr, t b?we spent WW* time of late in going through the question of who no* has title to your inven¬ tions and patent a In different parts of the woAd. She ^opelaai^fr which I have reached touching Australia you my lifce Xtm are found in my report of July ^89^*. entitled Bdisoii iSateats in Australasia*, a oopy of which l annex hereto* Messrs Coffin and Pish have a copy of it, and will probably, negotiate ^softer to acquire your railway righto in .Australia in* ©lat event would give a cash value to these licenses prepared by the Watorhppsa Firm, covered by said bill 0^647.^18*6* mil you kindly Just *96 ki»w dtytiur early con¬ venience just what decision you arrive *t it thl« ^^JJ^^lici- my firm owes a professional duty of nonrtdfiy to the g*;ici tors, and should at least do them the favor, ±* ddde theih bill id not now po be paid, to tell them wfcy> Very truly ypvrt* 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [ENCLOSURE (PHOTOCOPY)] 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [ENCLOSURE (PHOTOCOPY)] EDISON PATENTS IN AUSTRALIA. Mr . Eaton's Report, July 30, 1892. NEWZEALAND ,NEW SOUTH WALES , VICTORIA, QUEENSLAND , SOUTH AUSTRALIA, TASMANIA, WEST AUSTRALIA .NATAL, CAPE OP GOOD HOPE and elsewhere in AUSTRALIA and SOUTH APRICA and in INDIA AND CEYLON. Who owns the Edison patents for the above countries? . The Brush Electrical Engineering Co., of London owns all patents and inventions up to June 12, 1887, for or relating to the "application of electricity or magne¬ tism as a lighting, heating or motive agent". There is a possibility that this Company may be entitled to a six months* option upon inventions made subsequent to that date, but this is very doubtful and may be disregarded. above? Are electric railway patents ; included in the I They are not, ‘ Under Mr. Edison's contract con¬ cerning the above territory, it is provided that he shall 1892. Electric Light - Foreign (D-92-26) [ENCLOSURE (PHOTOCOPY)] have a free and exclusive license for the uae of all the patents for the purpose of "locomotion only, on. railways or tramways or on common roads". That refers, no doubt, to patents or inventions whioh, like the dynamo, are susceptible of various uses, i,e,, for instance, for li$i ing, heating and stationary power, as well as for rail¬ ways. No mention is made of inventions which are solely and exclusively:, applicable to railways, and in view of ,the above provision regarding license, I am of opinion that Hr. Edison is entitled to retain the full title to all inventions relating exclusively to electric railways. Mr. Edison has received from the Brush Co. a free and exclusive license, under seal, to use for electric rail- j way purposes all patents which he has heretofore assigned ! to that Company, all of them being of the class first men | tioned above, namely, susceptible of various uses. i Vhat title can a thifld party acquire? As to all patents and inventions of a' later date j than June 12, 1887, Mr. Edison can, I think, give good and entire title As to all of an earlier date, he oan ' give good and entire title for inventions relating ex¬ clusively. to electric railways, and can give a free and exclusive license for railway pin* poses, touching inven¬ tions susceptible of various uses. 1893. Edison, T. A. - General (D-93-02) Dear Mr. Dyer, Mr. Matthiessen writes from Chicago that he will return to New York this week and. will then call a meeting of the Weston directors and decide what is best to do about the arbitra¬ tion’. To Richard N. Dyer, Esq., 36 Wall Street, ,City. 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) Telegram; _ ^ * Akron, Ohio. july 11th, 1898. President McKinley, Washington, D.C. I have just received a dispatch that my son Theodore W. Miller, Troop D. Roosevelt's Rough Riders was wounded and died on the eighth. Can my son John V. Miller on naval boat Trilean be detached and bring remains home if possible. lewis Miller. Executivo Mansion, ’"ashington, Mr. lewis Millor, July, 11th, 1898. \ Akron, Ohio . Very deeply sympathize with you in the loss of your gallant son. Have said to the Secretary of the Navy that this be done unless ther|; is some commanding reason why your request can not be complied .with. Wm. McKinley Cf§ble .John V. Miller, <; U.S.'s. Trilion, Playa del. Este. Cable particulars ThoodoreHs death; where is Dade Goodrich? Gardner Lowis EdiSon's special friend. lev/is Miller Telegram\ Akron, Ohio. July 12th, 1898. Hon. Secretary of the ijavy. Washington, D.C. Eiisign' Miller. comply with the president's request to detail • John V._ Miller to bring home body of his brother Theddore W. Is there anything to bo done by the family to accomplish 1898. Edison, T, A. - Family - General (D-98-06) Tele /cram , ■ \ * ' • ‘ Washington, D.C. July 14th, 1898. lewis Miller Assistant Inginoor Miller will bo granted leave to take charge of remains of brother. < Orowinshiold. P.a.blG, . Playa Del Bate, July 13th, 1898. lewis Miller, Akron, Ohio. July first shot shoulder. Died Army Hospital Sibony. Will go thore for information and obtain remains if possible, leave all to us. Dado Well and with army around Santiago. John Cable Oonornl Shafter, Cuba. Washington, D.C. July 13th, 1898. Thoodoro W. Millor, private in Rough Riders, was woundod on the first and died on tho eighth. His father, Hon. lewis Miller, of Akron, Ohio, desires very much to recover his body. Caskot will bo placed on board tho first ship out of jjow York marked your care. Tho son who will take charge of the body is an Hn- sign and engineer assignod to the Marblehead. it in your groat strain of cares you can send for Mr. Miller when the casket arrives I shall consider it a great favor. . 0f course you will detail an officer to look after the details. R.A. Alger, i , Secretary of War. 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) ' (2) Letter Washington, D.C. July 13th, 1008. My dear Sir;- with I deeply sympathisso^you in your grBat affliction, and will ho glad to aid you all in my power to recover tho body of your aon who was killed in front of Santiago. This is tho direction I would, suggest ; ' Oat casket plainly marked, with name of deceased on it, stating rank, company and rogimont, addressed to Major Benor- al Shaftor, and placod in hands of Colonel Kimball, chief Quarter¬ master, Now York. And this is the odder that it. be forwarded by ih" first ship. Sincerely yours, R. A. Alger, Secretary of war. Hon. Lewis Hillor, Akron, Ohio. Telegram . Coast Signal Office Washington, D.C. July 13th , 1098. Assistant Engineer Millor,' - ! "Marblehead " care of Sampson, playa Del Este, See Shafter for Alger* s order. Coffin sent from Wew York, care Shaftor, embalm body. Address Edison rs Father. j&ettier New York, July 14th, 1898. 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) This letter will bo handed to you by the Hon. Lowis Miller, Akron, Ohio, who is desirous of procuring a casket for his son v/ho died in hospital in Sibonoy, Cuba. Please have the casket addressed as follows:- "Theo., >7. Miller, Troop P., First Vol., Oav., Rough Riders." This oasket and outside rough box to be delivered at Pier 3 East River, ITew York City, Markod "Caro gen.. Shatter, Santiago do Cuba, " and to be roceivod by John V. Millor, Respectfully, Geo. F. Otis, Purchasing Clerk, Q.M. Pept. , 1 Black Cloth Casket, Oval Sop, Copper Lined, Trimmed, Handles Plate engraved, Pine Box To bo put on Stoamer, Pior 3, East River at 2 p.m. markod "Casket for remains of Theo., XT. Millor, Troop P. , First Vol. Cav. , 'Rough Riders,' Caro oon. Charter, Santiago, de Cuba," To be recoived by John V. Miller, Assistant Engineer Ensign. New York July, 14th, 1890. Received from national Casket Co., (Lewis Miller) Spr the remains of ) Theodore V. Miller ) Troop P 1st., Vol. Cav. ) One (1) Burial CaBe Rough Riders ) on S.S. Berlin, c/o Gen. Shaftor , ) Santiago de Cuba ) to bo rocoived by John V.) , Miller, 'Assist., ) ' faiginoor Ensign. ) 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) (4) Telegram Wow York, July 15th, 1898. Enginoor Mlllor, Marblehead c/ Sampnon, Playa Dol Este Coffin S.S. Berlin today: telegraph route starting. ' M" v ‘ ’• ffather. » ■ 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) Dear John:- - Every thing has been in a disturbed condition ever since we got your first telegram about Theodore;. I had hoped that we might have the remains of Theodore here by this time and worked with all possible efforts to that end; but your cable about the quarantine at Siboney makes it pretty definite that it will be some time bofore we can get Theodore’s remains home. Of course that will also prevent your coming soon as we hoped you would'. I enclose you copy of the different papers which will show you the efforts made at this end and all the arrangements that were madev I have been very thankful that everybody has been so kind from President McKinley down. They have done everything they could do for us. Sympathy has been extended to us from everybody. It has been a great shock. Day before yesterday we got a letter from David V. McClure who evidently was a cowboy and a man in Theodores squad; I enclose a copy of it; it shows how Theodore had won the heart of this cowboy. The same day we' got a pocket memorandum book which Theodore had filled containing a full history of every days doings since he left New York which is very precious indeed. I will send you the "Beacons" which contain it almost, verbatim. The "Beacon" people thought so much of it that they at , once offered 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) (2) to print the whole thing entire in their paper ..but it was so long *.■ that after looking it over we decided it was best to print it in three sections instead of filling a whole paper with it. We feel the loss most deeply. I really gave him up when he entered the army and it vras only a kind of second shock but it came so un¬ expectedly that we felt it almost as though we had not surrendered him when he enlisted. Mother and the girls were in Hew York at the time. Ed and I were alone at home and that is still the case', were Mother is with Mina and the girls mm with the children at the sea-shore as arranged before you lefty The girls are now at Hinas again since they have heard the sad news. I am going to Hew York tomorrow and will stay at Mina's with mother over Sunday. I have some business in Connecticut Tuesday and go in advance so as to spend Sunday with mother. I have been surprised at the courageous way in whiqh mother has received the shock. It was the morning when Mina brought us a new boy and it had to be kept from Mina. Mother would go out in the other room and cry awhile and then come back with cheer and comfort for Mina with her great burden. It was so from Monday until Saturday. When I heard the news I started at once as you will see from the enclosed with telegrams but not 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) (3) resting satisfied with that I went to Washington and followed it «* up until 1 had full arrangements made with Secretary Long and Sec¬ retary Alger and the President and the various Departments1. I am very sorry the quarantine interferes but can appreciate how abso¬ lutely necessary it is to have it. I hope you will not necessari¬ ly expose yourself because of course now the body cannot be em¬ balmed and wo will get it home in whatever condition it may be in due time1. laying aside this sorrow and grief, everybody is rejoiced at the great worlc the army and navy has accomplished. There has been most wonderful rejoicing. The shops have been moving along and we got through wonderfully fine. The machines worked splendid¬ ly all the way through. Are now taking our inventory and preparing for another season. We are watching every mail hoping to get full letters from you about Theodore's last days, from the day he was wounded until the end. He seemed so hopeful on the 7th as you will see from the McClure letter and seemed to have such encouragement from -those about him that we cannot understand just what happened that took him away so suddenly. The diary he sent seems to come right up 5. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) (4) to the day he was wounded. k It shows how readily he adapted him- '■$ self to all his surroundings, how he was beloved and worked him- solf into the good graces of all, even to the Colonel'. I will not go to Europe unless later on. Am making my first work that of looking after my family. We do not understand your first cable that you were transferred to the boat "Trilion" or "Trileas"’. I could, find no such boat on the navy yard records in Washington. Is it the tug "Triton" or the repair ship "Vulcan"? the cable was probably "bulled" in some way. Also you Bay Gardner Lewis is the commanded; is it Gardner Sims? Have had no letter since you got to Santiago and are looking for one daily which we hope will tell us Just how you are situated. Father* July 22nd; Your father went east this noon; I will mail the "Beacons" tonight.' I think your father will go to Europe. He is waiting. to hear how long it is likely to be before you can bring Theodore's body back. Tom Marshall dropped dead of appplexy Proba¬ bly at six o'clock this morning. All the boys here have asked to be remembered when writing to you. Walt . 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) I ^ A^A_^-yvvuX«C Xv_^ ■ ! ruU^fKMA^ »Zv/v 0-^ VU_a-j <J^o- ^^oLt C'XL 0^ i | v^Am- ^vv ('t— | I ~~IMjL ^JLaAJ^A*£\J^ T'V'eij&A,. AJ*. JL_ j cGt~ C\]^0-<lXv\A^-(| Xv-vv. "ttx W i ^^wwct- j ■^-QAAt^V' yvVS^^^'t/Mfy^, <ja7^ ^ • | C cMT '"^"X (a/^-\_ (W\^c/U^e/£^ j S £L. H^jJt'^. W^vi v-v- />£<XMM4_tX »J{ Gt^ ^^fCGX- ^ <W>cJU .U^V, i w-WX. 3U 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) /3-Ur^ <U_ ^ M>w^ fr^Vb, ’tyrw- ^ O^j^iPjk. Xcm.etw^ u/A^~ 4*4| uv^ ^j, ~Xk^ IJji 4 ^ ci^a-cvv\^JL l, ^ cj*- 4-jr\/v»-C_ (LcMA/^Xt AA/vvaX^CL O COf~ ^41 <^W, {>,. J ' - / f 4 ^ W4*a. uHa/4 f^JLl * Cfc. /r^—V I ' <wW^tj ,. Ir'ntJcfa^ /4v (Xo rvv I :;; /V '^f'f' aj 'ttou, rMcr^-A. cCT~ 44 (j44T~ IA^- ia4u4 /Ui— . 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) 3 ! oy^cK^u^ *m4~ fvVwv^^v ~^k^A ~jj~<i-v~\ ^Yvvv^ tfc. *| ^(wjl ^dzzzzbL 6-+-*~dL cb^ej^fc. <'4^*V-cX- '6“'-£ W^(\^-cX. -4^l. V- AiU-OtsjU. .*. vCvr-/\ ! cC| ^/sAAAJi. yV2~ CLAaX^vvC, J a^v»vV-«( G'J-t-'oh ! ( Ia/Uw' ^”0’~cXaAA, “■?''! /fc^AAjVv ^ &***-K-. . I ^ J W~^ K "tt.*Jt ^1 ^cL JiM^JX^L ! {^-V-V.ck^. ^^TVVA^ , A''t^V*’,v'^''-^^^ VS/A^7(s. ^—W'. Uv, ■ O^Aa'^x **5 Cf-vs»v (£ut_V" Jr-iA^n- V/^vv WuJ^ 4 _ _ _\ _ _ _ ' _ 0a l&-y^ J' QM-&^\Jf%,yJl^ 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) . I have been so full of grief and feeling sure you would soon be with us bringing Theodore*’ s body I rwally have neglected writing you as I should have done. We have now got quite a good deal of information in regard to Theodore's last days. We have a letter from David’ McClure, one of the Rough Riders, the last letter written before Theodore died and Theodore dictated a part of this letter as you will soe in the paper I sent. Since then we receiv¬ ed a letter from Prank Knox, also a member of Theodore’s squad, who was in Siboney Hospital and was there when he died. He tells us that Theodore was quite rational on the 7th when he dictated the letter but was. quite feeble. He himself was sick and lying along¬ side him and heard what McClure had written and what Dr. leser said and he said he did not understand why they should *write that way when Theodore. was so seriously wounded and so feeble. I saw Knox in Hew York last week; he came up on the "Breakwater" with the wounded and sick, he having been one of the sick. We found him on the steamer and afterward had him come over to Orange and dine with us one. evening. The girls and mother had a nice talk with him. He said he talked with Theodore and Theodore was a lit¬ tle anxious to get some money and told him that Capt. Houston had. some of his money and still another man had some of his checks so there must be some money there somewhere so that, if you can get ' communication with Capt. Houston you could probably get the money. In addition I would get all his effects together and send home such things as you think proper. Knox says the Chaplain came to him and asked him about theodore'after- Tfiebdore had died and he gave him his name, regiment, etc and that the chaplain wrote it down and put it into a bottle and corked it up and buried it with him; also put a shingle at the head of his -grave with the inscription. I have this morning a letter from Capt. Peederle which states still more about Theodore’s grave. There is one great consolation and we are all rejoiced in our grief that we have so full information about Theodore and the care he received after he was wounded. He was carried off the field by four men detailed for the purpose. I have their names but not here at the office. It is just possible that if you had a few immunes who. are not subject to yellow fever they could go there arid get the body by special order from Gen'l Shafter, then have the coffin thoroughly fumigated. The coffin was sent in care of Gen'l Shafter and must be there by this time. It is a copper coffin, which can be hermet¬ ically sealed and was encased in a wood coffin, cloth outside, in 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - General (D-98-06) fact the same pattern as the coffin that Pish took with him dora there. After the body is in the coffin and hermetically sealed, there can be no danger from that source and the only danger there could be would be the outside of the coffin which certainly can be fumigated to make it entirely safe to have it placed on board a ship. I think if this was done by immunes, you might be able to come home with the body. Consult Capt. Sims freely and follow his advice and do nothing that will endanger you in any way; be¬ cause now that we have lost Theodore the great care must be_ for . the living. We hope you will return in perfectly good health, we are all glad you are on the ship "Vulcan" and from our impressions of that ship think you have got a great opportunity especially so long as you are with Capt. Sims who will certainly take great in¬ terest in you. It certainly may not be quite so exciting as to be on a regular war ship but you have an opportunity to see al that is now to be seen in the way of naval engagements and your ship must be more or less active all the time. We are all bearing the grief with remarkable fortitude. Jane is probably the most heavily affected. Mina bears it remarkably well and lives in the many pleasant memories that Theodore has left in all his active life and she does not mourn over what is now una¬ voidable. Jane takes it to heart and it is hard for her to give up. Mother has borne it wonderfully well but has finally been worn out with Mina's care' and the grief and had quite a little time in the way of' dysentery. She has eaten so little it has made her quite weak.' I brought her home from Mina's arriving here last Fri¬ day morning. She was quite comfortable on the way coming home but since then she has kind of let down and we had' to keep her in bed. Sot a nice nurse for her and. she is doing well. She thinks she can come out today but we are persuading her to stay in a few days more and hope she will, when she will be herself again. The girls remained in Hew York and will stay there for a few weeks and then they will come home. ' , . ... . ... Harvest here is just about over. Have a 'little oat-cutting this week when I will be through for this year. Am going to Chau¬ tauqua tonight and will stay there a couple of days and then come- back again. All send their best wishes and great love to you and hope you will return well and happy. You must live in Theodore's good life. The diary is such a comfort to us. Everybody who knew Theodore has sent letters of sympathy so amid our grief we have a great deal to comfort us. We must be happy in th® : re£1®2ti°" S. . . _ - . - - - « nna onrS he is now in the better country. Father. Theodore's life was a noble one t 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - Edison, T. A., Jr. (D-98-07) uj Cvih!'? Ctfclj 0 <LejC/wi &Ot - 1*1^ 0 C<v\ pin - 1 am 1»4iA| Hi -CW^Uj tOcO<. I liou uihcjRe^ n "6uj I OYn ~tcj Um etjUutlcw, cj^_ U»-Cw^ ^ -Cx»Jin>^ tOcy>-e_ | Uooo« UjrtTTTov-, t* lm)U O C*J ojiju,. , CVyXYTk^V ^ ^ ptRer? ^ <* -G^avy,* jaj> mofcne oK c ^<yu»«wcdL ~ Tkh oa ruLjUeaG/^t7t7l,e ^ -ftrir -j oA ruzA^eoG^tTtTup ^ **77" - 1~" <*}••— ^5 on .'"““I t 0-0 , 1 1 On-t'T V, JU“ “°7°f 1““" dt. “* -o.Jon^fcoJ UtS,„._ vi“,ir 1 .fc ri,-^ s - UqcttsSs| lu^nWJ fan r fV, ^ o&j,^ , ! ,7*7^ h*w -ti5 •«-«« -«ke , Iferjt.t » E~J- -€^4: r>.o^, 0^.1 loot* ^o^U'cJk^ Tfeo^e a~p - »W~» «-f..l lu,„ -ts. Jonole *§?• “ "r"-“lr* J“*«asi «« fononJ W hiw - Ond UjHo Ka^ ryici ~ _ „ i , 1 A V O 0 -tt -h n^Ul~ w, TUa -To c ^VtWtU^ c ^4, * ^Vi«t “t^-e Urc^o iwc^Tf- CkUalutc | leP+^oo- I Uo^ (Vnone-Tfew, 1 *€c«h uA«, ^ fo^ v^e^-Ljoo U^-fc.eJ - - 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - Edison, T. A., Jr. (D-98-07) iP DV1 Mpui SciAjJl Jvfrn -PaJtta nt (\y*9iX vrtH* (J Vux*>e ^ P<«JU tb ^<x/» lyutjouw * *" * " ^o^JL_ COcJ^T, w^x%JL Co ovJLiftJi— cLka, |vGXl<JWLp - -P<*^T *AM3£i» oXi. tjoun W»voo||WioJLjuC<j ^atvtCSjiflJpX. Cr™ JIhoAjoAjj — IpIi ai l, jiooue — |V»<xA tu>un UHXlutftMLt u>A^li T'tii U)oJj Co r>» ^Vttr -ViktV~tM c= vj^di, iP — J.„ „4™.JL ^L__ JP„+_ «JL..O t IjOO unit flnoutv^i Ijoo o lr»Cne«^ I tj lt> P *Vwu tned ct - (Xo <4x>eo "llva ui<m J J |^< ruja4JjjutXuJ cvd? £, .fxvr^C/wio Xixjucx/vdLa tLe Cub | U< ^C4U h™ _ \ uum Caavwol” cJoutti £U» axiunem^ 'Pori /3ao«^ h<moax> ax<| U^um ^UA>oci|- au? pv.alfe) K e - u> V» "tcCo fYi c l/*r. € •ftl ScLuOyt -on P»>i'llfc,; i to (HoT j1 jJL ioluJJ *^i>m cbviX "¥>*vl _ Lu<xj tXX~WiA/*»l^ ^JUjh^Oun ^riopJL- 'S«|«n |^ajO "6^ — |° ri 1 Ucmj-C. cjUaJtf' um ><J fhot I ^XolU cLo lucmca. | eUl «lo\[ We U»Wxn-c <j*u € loir (Vmchcju - | ^Vuo^» M q. ~Co cum vX- g?"o( l W em>€. CKo^"- tvwd Onv, n o-| Ol (**txo*k\ t nrru. d»»»e _ 'ikcb- Co f»vCtfL>i' o-j* UcuuJL,c. <Lvvi Cxo — <Vv\J ) <Xo O^AcywMcjdts <v>ui ivuJLjl — I ukXI Unnouj ■ W o+kD *tb kouviJl-p tb- Uq-u Kaw € Lo-«Ct~ Omo-v. Cjl. _ J I W tX*H^ (Vusb ' <Wm<1 < 1 cu> l» ‘V)v. ^ -Oaaxlw. Cxo — <vy»J v-j* I dLo (rnymcnXi aouj — 1 umX( U-nrvo-uu WoW/ *tb Wokr» *' - plu>u{<t UcuMJ '&eJ2A»- CUH*| ^oJn-_ _ I .v^wnij "fen “tCviAJtO (KWlfl - uP l^ntw Koco ~fcb VlOncU^ tuvtvi OVW-KX _ 'U>Pvcjf- Utt4^ ujO^, ^(x> -XcuLj - "t£\Jl -^A^cvTa^A-ciJJ IWXnJlcX. ) luurt pvo Jfeivte "Co ^nvtiUi wtfc> airnj mtcrnnmjfe tt ivotA. on <wku omn, eW- p-o 1 piu*U. fK^ /s«uu Ujittt 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - Edison, T. A., Jr. (D-98-07) zfrj.:: OI^I/UAjCAvLIaa^ j | ^ «.P/(jLnAv^o'». _ ifcoAo fVwod uuaJL Uovyiln - LHt.S. pJLoou .JLu*ut~ ouwd. «jU»c£, & _ (JL<JLX Uj - »“M 1 u uitvImlo l V»«xcl rutaWLi* t£fi 1 ijoUn Iwafeixi JvMA^uto to^L dUct" ^ e^Pehjvu^ aa 1 pJLxXAJ &jiJks>JL*Ai of - \ n — »— l * I ' D P 0-0 Ui^JlX *jOn ^pH4 - XMAA rVVlOUM Ul (Yn&m - OlrtncJ /W^ *JC/V» oCba/i J$ O o rl | (aujioWe* ti cJLo~~k - «^o ct^^iaaT /I (Vtn C <03 KAr-MJt — Lloc* pOL^ IVOU V'ttwC C|cvt o-| r«r.(? IajcH - JaenUccju* ijt Ca ^voad~ do «j«A8, "J0” ff01* | pJ^<*jU cILioJC V0^ " c*v'<*™ ~tt* priion- OWT.JI /VMrt- -|»tLo» to /Km - V-VVl oCba/i Io o rl Ci/vy ol jon e*»cn — [Ce lAUKVvU IamJU. <yj cm T^vQ p a/m <L ~lpl«*U <*o <m vtA>ct 1 Vic<&e do-w, e^ - l*ve Icvou oA. c^rv>Jk*JJU rrn “to ptv^i - "T^k, l prvo^t" Lmn (itawC W ooo -6<JW' a J.tlaw’ | to ^e^aAnv, ~tL> 1 /iteteJ ^ ^ cxLvcyy, U>JU. -&«. - uu4a e/* < ixjwSJ l c^e^“ «/v~| (\vo iA>-^ter»€— Uj-Clout- -e^nui 1 ^eSf ®o*»o^ *ju*c!J^ <|«dt aJU uv» -tl,€ ^iCfcxA ^ <3w*cl uxXl tLu -cwaJ ^vvm ViotAMi Jpij ^-"to «jo oJliKdcH - o^aXi. <WM4m« ^ p| tHA>a Co fVvodr O^WWAOTI — ^ tvV-aA poum^ UJOCO IMO roti CVW^tfc^ u4v^ l (H»-l (V>umJi>| todacj T lwC«^ Vvouiftvd 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - Edison, T. A., Jr. (D-98-07) CnsAm (H.A3 CcjXQs d ^tLo^xnncLidto tjv< U>-(Lo uu^u-lA (yvraJvJi -ooCt C (V^u.4 \\c*m*aaX prMOulsi D'^Tneu? ‘I fho 60 / , 0 ' U — <| pn^qruu. l^vto Wwvrvtwii^^ AAtJI -^ou) a. C^nvo c^A*yTvt*- - Ive^j cvaj^ _lL? fWtvrvUJ. o| 6ciuur>i-|on<|oocl- ottcAwuJ! 1 cv rne£ (>v. «y». _ f'»a/»wC 1AJ-CUO ^Andfl_ l UOtMuloll «X /uie^, nr*xiv« ~ to— cftoL»^ _ oumJ I |w-^^voi(; to Vicu*t dt flOAKV Cl f^ft^TKO nfcd- tL* i CMJJ •AaaKJ <\n.auvC\ » Urbsm 1 coo^ccC ~t*> e^d_ova_4 <x (>J pV»-€ — *'V1 cl tKuiXJ^ tAJ A * ® - - - - CvA-v* 1 lo&d CW>1 - UvtJUl OjAVM>V> r»^« - 1«-Kuai I lo Oco Wrti WrxAWf j ^V, l£v* VlO^vccJU^/ O-f -tU (<XAA1 - «^o up*** JjtTk 0VOI (WiA^db? I tuxUAoXi^ ^ ixrtvcol d cio Oax> voacHilcc^ I JL’cS. pvo^t" Wl^/vtl^ f>| (2-aaa£i <x~- “tfLw c. -OrtcZ^ _ 1 <^«A*<2 i^uha VEvov-f fVw<r>i_8^ - '6<-CcaaaaMI rU^'U V/Vl (YVM.c$C Oijf- ~tt/**1 -f _ 1 cLv J[ iwilvvia^o — 1 c4a.oQ f>vO-'t' tl CMM. ~U> ot»j ct — am i ILj> Co udkoJJ" ^ °)$ ion nifcwn — /l«rmS artn. Jt uhAJ( f>^« - L( ( (XM) - cto JluA .. I p&cdLQ "ttuQ <vmx>am>i imha feok -jpr»n fVvtji , amoJ iMUV»j Mw-la^ttuiA -^iryn ^fKA. ~ ton ^Urmt tr»xJt -cXa« _ j| I <t® pu^f C.<M.e "to ka*»«. "tb do |; wtfc «^> ‘Miaj woutj - ouv, oC. p-to <--| _ Cjovtej^j V l«xad- |p*ri<ur»^o(J^ bCtt*/) — | pj*.i *X^ •CAwst^ajJ. ru^ataulduAC^ lOtii j 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - Edison, T. A., Jr. (D-98-07) cco ( <t© (Yu^t~ tau tib a -oJE; prvffyvQJmjae 1L. eut O -6clvoc ItuiuimioiniX dC(XOcr>n 1 hcu* TT™ ^ *6!*' -p o-M c^. ^ IU"* »n c^^JLLX^ 1>m;..rf... Pwr- Ur-ouJlJ/ t/r> cvn^j toouJ fVit Wea.eCJr j C, <0"W^A^uA^vtA«^ Co rv^riLyOxiX^A^o _ i OL/% to (V»*an(Uji«^ — l^a| no ovic UaJ _ 1898. Edison, T. A. - Family - Edison, T. A., Jr. (D-98-07) .vwS^A &J. cUiw -wo^t: ■ oJ^Mrv'^c^ ^\3 C^O ^-xS^ y^yxJljp -OJUa.', *^\JL 0-£ cA *v-W 01 •V^ &c»x/JL oA^o- TKcC^ tycrV-S-. CJ fye>-v -tfccct- ^ SUjLcf to Sa^wv. eu. « ~W C^vAA^<iA_fco -yO-vAA- JisLtfeo^ to Oj^J CVAAH^V\4' »Av» OKwiCt\| >k- cAa xwvwa Qjc<jxcA ,CVv^ oA ^Ux-cl CArf S'«AA/n|'^: «AA* I ^£L, v^vct- Xlfco^ ! «|Xca*.CCc5^ JL'vvO-^-^J/s. . oJl*_0 O—QKjyc^ Ov^. cAi^t ,: Ca/v^. oLj XfiActA" | tb^o <vsetu^j &*. oX^A c-o^vJL -a-* -n^vci^. ; ttoL CoLct^xM AAA^. cmao| ! A_ W>~J<!_ 'VnaA-ci. UoCCZ - * ^ v„v^ Xo-^J^-cy t^vCfcx-. 1898. Electric Light - Edison Electric Illuminating Company Of New York (D-98-15) [PHOTOCOPY] The Edison Electric Illuminating Company of New York||| General Offices, 33, 55 , 57 Duane St. COMBINED EARNINGS, J . U L Y, . 1898. (Inclusive of High Tension System.) Gross Earnings $ 196,400*50 $ 162, 453. 4i Operating & General Ex¬ penses, incl. Taxes 112,348.20 91,418.9' Deprec’n Charge 17,500.00 12,000,0i Net Earnings 86,652.30 59,034.5' Accrued Interest on Bonds 27,075.00 27,075.0i Capital Stock Mortgage Bonds 9,077,000.00 7,930,000,00 6,500,000.00 6,500,000.00 Gross Earnings Expenses Net Earnings | 160,655.21 102,485.102 58,170.19 Manhattan Co. ... 35,745.29 27 ,'363. 18 8,382.11 $ 196,400.50 ..j 129,848.' 20 66, 552.' 30 . A RETURNS FOR 7 MONTHS. Gross Earnings Net Earnings Interest on Bonds $1,738,123.46 $ 1 , 391 , 219 .,79 $ 346,903.67 |j 751 ,'760 .07 '630,749.02 121,011 .,05 189 ,526, '00 189,525.00 ■ M Incan. Lamps, .16 c. p. , equiv. end of month Arc. Lamps, number Motors H.P., number 37,226 . V .2,170 \y / 81 60,141 SUPPLEMENT LEGAL SERIES MISCELLANEOUS LEGAL FILE [THIS EXHIBIT IS PART OF THE 1888 CONTRACT BETWEEN EDISON AND HENRY VILLARD ON REEL 145, FRAMES 276-282] I EXHIBIT "A". 1. A Cotton Picker, to do for cotton what the Mowing Machine has done for serials. A .great numb er of experiments have been made with the view of producing such a machine. The demand for such a machine is very groat and I have frequently been roquested to experiment with the view of inventing such a machine. I have conducted a number of experiments and believe they will re¬ sult successfully. I expect to build a 8mall ex¬ perimental machine this simmer. 2. Apparatus for deaf people, to increase audition. I have been working on this for eight years, and have received not les3 than 10,000 inquiries concerning the progress of my exp eriments. I be¬ lieve I can perfect such a machine. 3. Improved Battery for General Service. The sales of batteries in this country amount to over a million dollars annually. They would be three times as large ifva good battery could be obtained. 1 have c onduct ed..a.;numb er of experi¬ ments on such a battery and believe I can perfect one . 4. Increasing the speed for Signalling of Submarine: Cables, to permit the use of a Cablo direct fi-om New York.' [THIS EXHIBIT IS PART OF THE 1888 CONTRACT BETWEEN EDISON AND HENRY VILLARD ON REEL 145, FRAMES 276-282] to London at one thinl of the present cost. All the conditions of cable signalling are well known and point to a certain direction in which to work. I have eondu.it od a number of experi¬ ments on this subject and believe they will result successfully. 5. Electro-deposit in high vacuo, for commercial use, to replace the present electrotype, system. At the present time there is probably inves¬ ted in this country in the el ectrotjrpev. industry over Five Millions of dollars. If I could per¬ fect the process upon which I have been experiment¬ ing and have in mind, its value would be very groat. d. Artificial Silk. Eor the past eight years I have at different timos conducted a number of experiments, with the view of making silk artificially. I feel quite confident fvcm the experiments I have conducted, that I will be able to make silk artificially. It will take considerable time however to perfect my work in this direction. The value of bucIi a pro¬ cess would be enormous. 7. Main! eabl izing Oast Iron cheaply. Could the time be reduced, required in mallea- [THIS EXHIBIT IS PART OF THE 1888 CONTRACT BETWEEN EDISON AND HENRY VILLARD ON REEL 145, FRAMES 276-282] « f blizing iron, from one week to a few hours, the saving in this country alone would exceed Ten Mil¬ lions of dollars. I have conduct oi a nunb er of experiments on this subject. The results are very satisfactory and I am continuing them. 8.. Drawing fine sizes of brass wire and sizes where ' there are forty per cent duty. ! Forty thousand pounds .of such wire aro used in the United States weekly. Oould it be manu¬ factured here a. groat ’Saving would be effected. I am now making an apparatus to do this work and from the experiments i have heretofore conducted, I am sure the process 1 have in mind will prove a suc- 9. Snow pressing machine for cleaning streets. I have tried the preliminary experiments and have made the complete working drawings of my in¬ vention for this purpose. It costs Now York City over $50,000 to clear the principal streets after each snow storm of six inclieB fall. A ma¬ chine drawn by six horses sweeps up the snow and , pressos it into square blocks of ice as the horses walk. This enables the oarts to carry four times the loan they do now. The blocks oan be temporarily ■3 [THIS EXHIBIT IS PART OF THE 1888 CONTRACT BETWEEN EDISON AND HENRY VILLARD ON REEL 145, FRAMES 276-282] I ( piled up in the gutter as paving blocks are now done.. Such a machine woul.dgreatly reduce the cost of clearing the streets, from snow, according to the methods now practiced. 10. Refining Copper Electrically. I have conducted a nunber of experiment s on this subject, at the roquost of the Parrot Copper and Silver Company. The yearly output of that company is Three Millions of Dollars, and each ton of copper contains $65. in silver. H. Cutting Ice and Wood by Electricity. This is an old idea, but I am trying to make it practical . I believe under proper conditions pine, lumber trees, and other large standing trees can bo' cut for much loss money by this process than any other. 12. Manufacture of cheap Bolting Cloth. Bolting Cloth, as now manufactured, is made of silk and sells for from throe to four dollars per yard. I have a method of cheapening it, which I believe will prove successful. IS. Manufacture of Sheet Glass and Tubes. My work in this direction is entirely origi-: nal and if successful will completely change the 4, [THIS EXHIBIT IS PART OF THE 1888 CONTRACT BETWEEN EDISON AND HENRY VILLARD ON REEL 145, FRAMES 276-282] » t present methods of working window glass and will be very valuable. 14. Artificial Moth er-of-Pearl . I have been working on this for servo time and have obtained fair results. I have and can pro¬ duce surfaces on metallic foil as cheap as novfs- papers can be printed. The JJorther-of-Pearl sur¬ face cab be given to a sheet of metallic foil as cheaply as a sheet of paper can be printed from a block' of type. 15. Cheap India Ini?. I have about perfected this invention. This ink is now imported and sells at quite a high price, lly process of manufacturing it is a very: cheap one and will result in largo sal as in this ‘country. 16. Ink for the blind. This is an ink which on contact with the paper swells up enormously and hardens. From my experi¬ ments, I believe this invention will bo perfected at an early day. IV. Regenerative Kerosene Burner;;. I have conducted some few experiments on this and have obtained fairly good results. 13. Coal Sorting Maohine. 5 [THIS EXHIBIT IS PART OF THE 1888 CONTRACT BETWEEN EDISON AND HENRY VILLARD ON REEL 145, FRAMES 276-282] » t This is an extr em ol y difficult invention to make, but if a machine which would sort coal could be perfected, its value would be vory groat. I have conducted a number of experiments on this subject and with promise of good results. 19. Butter Direct from Milk. The large butter-making Machine Companies have repeatedly communicated with me, requesting that I take this subject up. 1 am informed the dairy industry in this country represents §000,000, 000 annually and that the present proa esses 'used in the great creamery establishments are very bad. 1 have been trying 3ome modern ideas on this' sub¬ ject and believe I can produce something very val¬ uable. 20. Artificial Ivory. I have been making this for seme thirteen years past, at intervals. I have perfected noth¬ ing as yet, but believe that ultimately I will succeed. 21. Magneto R. R. Signal System. I am conducting experiments on this at the present time, with pranino of good results. 22. Electricity' Diroot from Coal. I have at the present time twelve men at work [THIS EXHIBIT IS PART OF THE 1888 CONTRACT BETWEEN EDISON AND HENRY VILLARD ON REEL 145, FRAMES 276-282] I on thiB subject ancl I have obtained, sane excellent results. A practical solution of this problem will change the entire motive power und lighting o£ the world. The value of .such an invention would be almost incalculable. 23. Decarbonising pig iron electrically. X have condticted many experiments on this subject, but have some idee* which I think are of value, and propose talcing it up at once. SUPPLEMENT SCRAPBOOK SERIES Scrapbook, Cat. 116,993 This scrapbook covers the period April-May 1884, with a few additional items from May 1 896 and August 1 909. Included are typewritten transcriptions of local newspaper reports, editorials, and advertisements relating to the exhibition of Edison's inventions at Mechanics Hall in Worcester, Massachusetts, on May 1-2, 1884. There is material pertaining to a visit with Edison in New York prior to the exhibition, as well as photographs of Edison's exhibit and descriptions of Edison, Sherburne B. Eaton, and Edward H. Johnson at the event. A series of illustrations in the middle of the book contains views of the sites shown to Edison and his party while in Worcester: the Mechanics Hall, the Antiquarian Society, and the Natural History Society; the Worcester Academy, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and Clark University; and various manufacturing establishments. At the end of the book is a transcribed article from the Worcester Sunday Spy (1896) relating to an interview with Edison at the West Orange laboratory, along with a clipping from the Boston American (1909) containing images of technological and racial supremacy. The scrapbook was compiled by W. H. Raymenton, president of the Worcester Natural History Society and an organizer of the exhibition. It was presented to Edison in 1916 by Raymenton's son. The cover is stamped "Edison — in — Worcester — 1884." The spine is stamped "Edison in Worcester Electrical Exposition 1 884." The pages are unnumbered. Approximately 1 20 pages have used. 7~, -vvfi* n - , »> ^ T- ; " EDISON IN WORCESTER. A compilation of the Newspaper Articles published at the time of the Electrical Exposition of Thomas A. Edison in Worcester, Mass. May 1st. and 2nd. 1884. With illustrations of the buildings visited by Edison and Party. Compiled by W. H. Raymenton, President of the Worcester Natural History Society, Worcester, Mass. EVENING GAZETTE. Worcester, Mass. Friday Evening, • April- 18 j 1884. Hon. S. E. Hildreth, President of the Mechanics Asso¬ ciation, Dr. W. H. Raymenton of the Natural History Socie¬ ty, and several other Worcester gentlemen are in New York, to-day, visiting Mr. Edison, and inspecting his incandes¬ cent light and other modern uses of electricity. They will visit Menlo Park during the day. WORCESTER DAILY SPY. Saturday, April 19, 1884. The President of the Mechanics' Association, ex-Mayor Hildreth, and the President of the Natural History Society, Dr. Raymenton, with several other Worcester citizens, have been in New York for the past two days, inspecting, under the guidance of Prof. Thos. A. Edison, the latest modern us¬ es of electricity as applied to lighting, motive power, do¬ mestic and other purposes. Yesterday they visited Edison's laboratory at Menlo Park and saw the electrical railway, the original phonograph, and the thousand and one modern appli¬ ances of the coming power, electricity, and other inventions of Prof. Edison. They also arranged with Edison to visit this city May 1st and 2nd. EVENING GAZETTE. Worcester, Mass. Tuesday-Evening,- April 22,~1884. MR EDISON IN WORCESTER. -There is general congratula¬ tion and interest over the success of the managers of the Mechanics' Association and the Natural History Society in securing an engagement of Mr. Edison, the famous electric¬ ian, to give two Lecture Exhibitions here, of his latest discoveries and inventions. They will be given at Mechan¬ ics Hall on Thursday and Friday evenings of next week. Mr. Edison will take personal charge of his exhibit, and has promised to bring with him from New York several of the original models of some of his famous inventions, as the duplex telegraph, the gold reporter, the phonograph, and his electrical locomotive engine, also his wonderful new invention, the electro-motograph, an instrument by means of which, tones can be sent through a telephone wire, and reproduced loud enough to be heard distinctly in the larg¬ est hall*. This is something entirely new, and never heard before in Worcester. He will also bring his improved pho- nograph, .which repeats in the most distinct and remarkable manner, whatever may be said of it. Profs. Eaton and John¬ son of New York, eminent electricians, will explain in the most practical and clearest manner the latest facts and dis¬ coveries in the application of electrical power to practi¬ cal use. Arrangements have been in progress for many weeks, and the exhibition will be, undoubtedly, an unqualified suc¬ cess. It is a most notable event to have such a man as Ed¬ ison visit the city for such a purpose, and too much credit can not be givsn to the perseverance and hard work on the part of the gentlemen who have made it possible for the pub¬ lic to enjoy the treat in store for them. EVENING GAZETTE. Worcester, Mass. Wednesday -Evening, ■ April'iS. The representatives of the Worcester Mechanics Asso¬ ciation, and the Worcester Natural History Society and the gentlemen who accompanied them in their recent visit to New York, on the matter of the forthcoming electrical exhibiti¬ on in this city came back vastly delighted with their visit and its success. They were received with great courtesy, and as a very rare privilege, were given a tour of inspec¬ tion through the manufacturing premises of the Edison com¬ panies in New York and Newark. In these nearly 1000 hands are employed giving practical force to Edison's inventions, the number of which is legion, for it would seem that at any and every point in science or mechanics to be bridged Edi¬ son's genius opens the way. The whole tour through these works was a procession through marvels of discovery, the fruit of v/hich is coming to the world in the electric light and wonders of applied electricity only just now beginning to be appreciated. The Worcester party passed two busy days in New York and are now at work pushing actively the preparations for the great exhibition »hich ones its incep¬ tion to President Bajnenton of the (lateral History Society, »ith who. are co-operating fully the best forces of both organizations. WORCESTER DAILY SPY. "'Wednesday i April H, 1884. Mr. Edison, in an interview, tells a reporter of the New York Mail and Express that his incandescent light is in full operation in thirteen cities of the United States, while seventy or eighty more are preparing for its introduction. The electric locomotive, he thinks, has a great future, but he doubts whether it will ever supplant steam on the great main roads. The problem which is exercising his mind at present is that of a cheaper source of electricity , or to put it in another form, a way to use coal more economically as a source of power. "We want, " he says, "to get electri¬ city from coal direct, without the intervention of boiler and engine. A good many people are at work on it. We don't see our way at all to it, but I will say it is surely possi¬ ble. Zinc and other metals we can get into electricity at once, but the trouble is to do that with coal and carbon. If we could, we would get six horse power from one lb. of coal, while with the boiler and steam engine we get only one horse power from three lbs. of coal." If that can be done, the world will owe a heavy debt of gratitude to the man who brings it about. There seems to be no essential impossibility in the way, and the progress of invention has made many things familiar and commonplace, which, half a century ago, seemed more improbable than getting electrici¬ ty direct from coal seems now. (Editorial.) EVENING GAZETTE. ' ' Friday Evening, ■ April 25-, • 1884i ' IN EDISON'S LABORATORY. To the Editor of the Gazette:- The happy audacity with which the Worcester party, who recently visited Mr. Edison, captured him, and in spite of his decided and reiterated neg¬ ative took it for granted that he would come to Worcester and make their lecture on the' practical uses of electricity round and full by the presence of the first electrician of the age, and would take nothing but a positive yes for an answer, seem¬ ed to please, if not amuse him, and he allowed himself to be captivated by the earnest plea of the spokesman of the party , who, not speaking by note or by rote but by main strength, quite took him by storm, and accepting the invitation and ta- king in the situation, he at once with great good nature .pla¬ ced himself entirely at their service, and began at once to plan as to the best way to make a successful exhibit. When once enlisted, nothing could have been more cordial and helpful than his manner and suggestions, and he run their cup of gratitude lull to overflowing when he gave an order to the General Superintendent to pass the Worcester gentlemen through the laboratory and workshops; a most unprecedented thing for him to do, as was afterwards learned, as many of the processes are only in their experimental stage, of course un¬ patented and therefore have to be most jealously guarded to enumerate all the various instruments, inventions and work going „„ i„ his laboratory would fill a book and I have here only a leaf from the record of my memory. On a table were t e works of the famous gold and stock reporter exposed " " ^ Mnter °f th» - the improved phono¬ graph whose wonderful powers we were soon to learn electrical incande.rw i ’ the sPecialized surgical pur or « ** ^ °r «>■ »1M, soft light by which a lady sits and reads by night, means so much power; the way by which this can.be applied has been discovered, and by an ingenious instrument attached to a sewing machine the same wire which is attached to the electric la**) can be unscrewed and connected with the sewing machine and run it , thus giving light by night and power by day. The surgical lamp enclosed in an air-tight tube hangs the carbon filament glowing but only slightly warming the glass; this is passed into the throat for examining the or¬ gans there; the dental lamp, a miniature lamp about the size and shape of one's thumb nail, flat and about one fourth can die power v/hich is placed in the mouth for spacial dental work, electrical jewelry on the same general plan,. the uni¬ que electro motograph or loud talking telephone. But we were specially cautioned not to "give away" all we saw and I am getting on dangerous ground where "I" burn." Perhaps, however, Mr. Edison will bring to Worcester some of the thi¬ ngs I have not mentioned. If he does not it will only be because he was not asked for he certainly promised and gave all that the Worcester party did ask him, and they were not at all backward in coming forward with their requests, as I think will be. quite exemplified when Mr. Edison arrives with his exhibit. (W. H. Raymenton. ) ELECTRICITY. An Illustrated Lecture at MECHANICS HALL, Thursday Evening, May 1, 1884. Under the auspices of the WORCESTER COUNTY MECHANICS ASSOCIATION WORCESTER NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. THOMAS A. EDISON, The World Renowned Inventor and Electrician, g be present and take charge of F THE ELECTRICAL EXHIBIT. f eminent world-wide repute. ELECTRIC MOTORS, For manufactory and domestic purposes, ARC LIGHT and INCANDESCENT LAMP, All seen in full operation. Tickets with reserved seats, at 25 cents and 50 cents, can be obtained by members of the Mechanics’ Association at the Box Office, Mechanics’ Hall, and by members of the Natu¬ ral History Society at the Museum, Foster St., on Monday, April 28th, from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. , and by the general pub¬ lic on and after Tuesday at Putnam & Davis'. WORCESTER DAILY SPY. Saturday, April 26, 1884. THOMAS A. EDISON. An interview with Mr. Edison cannot fail to impress one with his very notable peculiarities. He is entirely unaf¬ fected in his manner and very direct in his conversation. He appears to be more eager to learn than anxious to impart, and immediately comprehends the full measure of what is said af¬ ter which he does not rehearse and descant upon the theme, nor appropriate the idea in his own language, but manifesting his assent passes on to other topics. In this respect Edi¬ son is like Humboldt, who was too great a man to affect supe¬ riority and too keen sighted to require lengthy explanations. S. S. Jr. ^o.VvsW'rv^.Jv. "THE WONDERFUL LAMP. The story of Aladdin, or the Wonderful Lamp, marvelous as it reads in the Arabian Nights tale,- but exemplifies the old adage that "The truth is stranger than fiction," when compared with the modern story or statement of facts of Ed¬ ison and his wonderful lamp. Aladdin's palace was but a magnificent toy, with its banqueting hall and the "four and twenty be jeweled windows," where the idle hours were passed in passive pleasures, served by soft footed slaves, amid song and feasting, flowers and wine, where, on couches of blue and gold spangled with silver and sown with pearls, in¬ glorious ilaid; the prince of the eastern tale'; lived selfish- : iy at his ease through all his useless, dreamy, petty life. Compare with this the surroundings of the hero of our western tale, Edison, the world renowned inventor, as he may be seen in his office palace on Fifth Avenue, New York, the centre of a score of active agents with busy brains, executing the plans and purposes of the central thought, which we see realized in the great workshops filled with a thousand men, skillfully irking out in tangible and useful forms the original ideas of the master, which give new light and life to the world -d are ever increasing boons and blessings to our race But I commenced to write of the "Wonderful Lamp" that I saw m Mr. Edison's business office. Suspended over the desk in the office is an immense Japanese umbrella, project¬ ing from whose rib lips are 20 B or 8-candle, power lamps, which are equivalent to ten 16-candle lights. Depending from the umbrella handle, and four or five feet above the desk, is a Bergmann artificial flower electrolier, with 9 16-candle lamps, wreathed in among the flowers in vari -col¬ ored 'bell-shaped shades. The flower globe is of white gla¬ zed porcelain, rising from which is a shaft of gold color¬ ed gas piping one inch in diameter, which was substituted for the umbrella handle below the braces, and the whole set¬ ting decidedly artistic. Inserted in the floor, just in¬ side the keyhole of the desk, are two switches worked by' the feet, the right hand switch turning on or off the current to the rib lip lamps, and the left one performing the same of¬ fice for the electrolier lights, the extinguishing being done by pressing out a spring, and the lighting by pushing in a metallic button. The effect is magical, and a source of great wonder to the uninitiated. Several feet to the right of the desk, but in the same circuit with the umbrel¬ la lights, and affixed to one of the uprights of the build¬ ing, is an ingenious electric cigar lighter, devised by Mr. Edison. The connection is made by grasping the handle of r the lighter, the'bars' of platinum therein glowing with a bright red heat sufficient to light cigars and cigarettes. The current is broken by releasing the lighter. The set-' ting and workings of the light at the Edison office form one of the most attractive sights, and one might fairly con¬ sider himself an occupant of a palace more marvelous than ' Aladdin’s, so wonderful are the workings of the system. W. H. Raymenton. EVENING GAZETTE. Saturday Evening "Aprill^"^^. "THE WIZARD OP MENLO PARK. ■" Edison and His Work. The soma, of th. past and present is „„ mre strikingly jpifiod than by th. contrasted pictures of the mediaeval "Wis- - -r “d™'iSe the ”“l«t conjuror and the in- , °' °'y' The 0"e' rohei in solemn black, surround- ng himself nith a hideous paraphernalia of skulls aM cross- him 'Ih m 7 ^ *“ Pri"M °f **»■•. «*— by 10 ^ S and °CCUlt powers por working weal or woe on the bodies and souls of men, mumbling his mystical formu¬ las, appeals to the superstitious and fears of the ignorant. The other, the wonder-worker of to-day, despising all mys¬ tery and its adventitious aids, standing forth in the broad light of day, speaks only to our reason, asks us not to ad¬ mire or marvel at his skill, but to accept and use the bles¬ sings which are given the world. How marked the contrast, - the 9th and the 19th century. The magicians of to-day are' many, but preeminent among them, embodying in himself the in¬ ventive spirit of the age,, stands Thomas A. Edison, the wiz¬ ard of Menlo Park. The party of Worcester gentlemen, who had the privilege .of meeting Mr. Edison last week in his laboratory, and under his guidance of visiting the extensive works where hundreds of busy brains and hands are employed, carrying out his plans and ideas, and where he is the inspiration and the head, were all much, impressed by Edison, the nan, and amazed' at the tan¬ gible results of his labors. Menlo Park, so celebrated at one time as the Mecca of the savant and curiosity hunter, was but the nurserery where was grown the plant, which, trans¬ mitted to New York city, has developed into the scores of bus- y workshops, where the conceptions of his brain are material¬ ized and translated into imperishable speech and living light. The improved phonograph, which records with perfect ac¬ curacy the tone, quality and personal character of each indi¬ vidual human voice, and which can he preserved indefinitely to be reproduced as